
Qass MT\ 
Book . 3171 



REPORT OF THE JOINT COMMISSION 



APPOINTED BY THE STATES OF 

PENNSYLVANIA AND OHIO, 

TO ASCERTAIN AND RE-MARK THE 

Boundary Line 

BETWEEN S-A-IID STATES, 

AS IT WAS ORIGINALLY ESTABLISHED. 



COLUMBUS : 

G. J. BRAND & CO., STATE PRINTERS, 
1883. 



[Senate Joint Eesolution No. 68.] 



JOINT RESOLUTION 
Relative to the boundary line between the states of Ohio and Pennsylvania. 

Whereas, A commission, composed of Joseph M. Rickey, Jas. 
Mackey and Henry B. Perkins, was appointed by the governor of Ohio, 
under and by virtue of an act of the general assembly of said state, 
passed May 3, 1878, and an act supplementary thereto, passed May 27, 
1879, to act in conjunction with a similar commission of the state of 
Pennsylvania in examining as to the true location of the monuments 
which mark the boundary line between the state of Ohio and the state 
of Pennsylvania, and in connection with said commission of the said 
state of Pennsylvania to replace any monuments that have been re- 
moved or have become displaced or dilapidated on the boundary line of 
said states, and to erect such other suitable monuments along said 
boundary line when determined, as shall be sufficient to properly mark 
the same ; and 

Whereas, It appears from a report duly made by said commission 
in conjunction with a like commission upon the part of the state of 
Pennsylvania to the governor of Ohio, bearing date of February 1, A. 
D. 1883, and by said governor transmitted to the general assembly, 
together with the field-notes of their survey, and an accurate map of 
said boundary line that said commission upon the part of the state of 
Ohio, and said commission upon the part of the state of Pennsylvania, 
duly empowered so to do, have resurveyed said boundary line, exam- 
ined as to the true location of the monuments which marked the same, 
and have erected suitable monuments along said boundary line suf- 
ficient to properly mark the same, and when the boundary line was 
along a public highway the commissioners have placed index monu- 
ments at recorded distances from the true line upon the side of said 
highway; and 

Whereas, Said boundary line is now accurately marked and de- 
scribed in said report, and the field-notes and the map accompanying 
same ; therefore, be it 

Resolved by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, That said 
boundary line, as marked by said commission, and set forth in their 
report, field-notes and map is hereby accepted by the state of Ohio as 
the true boundary line between the state of Ohio and the state of 
Pennsylvania. 



— 4 — 



Resolved, That the auditor of state is hereby required and directed 
to carefully preserve in his office the report of the joint commission, 
field-notes and map, together with two reports made by the Ohio com- 
mission, and to cause one thousand (1,000) copies of said report, field- 
notes and map, together with the laws of Ohio and Pennsylvania, cre- 
ating and instructing their respective commissions, as well as this 
joint resolution, to be published and bound in cloth, for distribution as 
he may think best, and the cost of printing and binding the same to be 
paid for out of the appropriations made for printing and binding for the 
state, the accounts therefor to be audited by the supervisor of public 
printing and approved by the commissioners of printing. 

0. J. HODGE, 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
R. G. RICHARDS, 

President of the Senate. 

Adopted April 17, 1883. 



% 



REPORT OF THE JOINT COMMISSION 



APPOINTED BY THE STATES OF PENNSYLVANIA AND OHIO, 
TO ASCERTAIN AND RE-MARK THE BOUNDARY LINE 
BETWEEN SAID STATES, AS IT WAS 
ORIGINALLY ESTABLISHED. 

Said Commission consisting, on the part op Pennsylvania, of James Woerall, 
James McCullough and William W Walker; and on the part op Ohio, 
op Joseph M. Rickey, James Mackey, and Henry B. Perkins. 

Prior to the Revolution, much uncertainty existed with regard to 
many of the colonial boundaries. Warm and even bloody conflicts took 
place between the inhabitants of the different colonies. This was espe- 
cially true with regard to Pennsylvania and Maryland. To end the 
strife, England, in 1763, sent over Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, 
both prominent English surveyors, to determine and mark the boundary 
between those colonies. With characteristic contempt for every thing 
colonial, the stones designed to mark the lines were shipped with the 
commission. At the period of the Revolution and shortly after, there 
was a general effort made to settle state boundary lines. Pennsylvania 
at that date, jointly with the adjoining states, settled all, or nearly all, 
her boundaries. The joint commission appointed by the states of Vir- 
ginia and Pennsylvania, to determine their dividing boundaries, con- 
sisting, on the part of Virginia, of James Madison and Robert Andrews, 
and, on the part of Pennsylvania, of David Rittenhouse, George Bryan 
and John Ewing, agreed August 31, 1779, that the southern boundary of 
the state of Pennsylvania should be Mason and Dixon's line (North Lat- 
itude 39°, 43', 26.3") extended west to a point five (5) degrees of Longitude 
west of the Delaware river, and from thence a line to be produced due 
north as far as the states extended, should be its western boundary. The 
action of this joint commission was ratified by Virginia, June 23, 1783, and 
by Pennsylvania, April 1, 1784, and declared to be " the boundary forever." 
Mason and Dixon's line was accordingly extended to the point indicated 
by James Neville on the part of Virginia, and Alexander McClean on 
the part of Pennsylvania, surveyors. This line was tested and corrected 
by astronomical observations and permanently marked in 1784. The line 
denoting the western boundary of Pennsylvania was extended from the 
point agreed upon, north as far as the Ohio river in 1785, and in the 
succeeding year (1786) it was produced to Lake Erie; Andrew Ellicott 
being chief engineer. This latter (the survey of 1786) is the line to 
which this report mainly refers. 



When the original survey was made, a large corps of ax-men was 
employed, and a vista was cut through the forest from twenty to 
thirty feet wide, and monuments of such stones as were at hand were 
erected at irregular distances. Thus marked, the line's position was indi- 
cated, for the time perhaps, with satisfactory plainness. But in process 
of time, this vista in many places disappeared. Many of the monu- 
ments also which had been erected to mark the line, were by various 
causes removed, displaced or destroyed, and some of those remaining 
rendered doubtful. For long distances — amounting in one instance to 
28 miles, 347 feet, and in another, t© 33 miles, 2,324.4 feet — there was 
not an original monument (that had not been moved from its original 
position) left to indicate the line's true location. The results of the 
uncertainty caused by this state of things, were disputes, and in some 
cases angry quarrels between the parties on opposite sides of the line A 
resort to litigation failed to settle the disputes, because no court or jury 
of either state, or both states combined, could legally determine the 
line's true location. In this vaxatious dilemma, the citizens of each 
state petitioned their respective legislatures to appoint a commission to 
jointly ascertain and re-mark the line as established in 1786. The 
legislatures of both states responded favorably, and bills were passed by 
them, directing their respective governors to appoint said commission 
(see appendix); that of Pennsylvania approved May 18, 1878, and that 
of Ohio approved May 3 of the same year. Accordingly the governors 
of said states appointed the commissioners before named. These com- 
missioners met at Pittsburgh on the 14th day of October, 1878, and organ- 
ized by electing James Worrall, of Pennsylvania, chairman, and James 
Mackey, of Ohio secretary. After full consideration of the subject, it 
was resolved to meet on the 28th day of the same month, at Smith's 
Ferry, near the south end of the line, to commence the survey. In the 
meantime diligent effort was to be made to obtain a map, plat or report 
of the original survey, its methods, and all the information obtainable 
concerning it. But neither in Richmond, Harrisburgh, Columbus or 
Washington City, could, at that time, any original map or field-notes 
of the survey of 1786 be obtained. (Afterwards partial maps of the line 
as originally surveyed, were found.) It was therefore deemed advisable, 
before assembling the entire surveying corps, in order to obtain fuller 
information with regard to the line and the monuments marking it, 
that one member of the joint commission from each state, should visit 
each end of the line, and ascertain the condition of the monuments 
there to be found, and determine at which point it would be best to 
commence the survey. James Mackey and William W. Walker were 



-7 — 



named to perform this duty. Accordingly, on the 28th day of October, 
they went to Smith's Ferry (Joseph M. Rickey accompanying themj 
and examined the monuments in that vicinity. James Mackey and 
William W. Walker crossed the Ohio river and examined a monument 
on the south side of it, on the boundary between Pennsylvania and 
West Virginia. They then passed to the north end of the line, where, 
four miles and two thousand three hundred and forty feet from the 
bank of Lake Erie, was found an original monument, believed to occupy 
its original position ; and in view of all the circumstances, it was de- 
cided to commence the survey at the north end of the line. The 6th 
day of November of the same year was appointed as the time for com- 
mencing the work, and the other members of the joint commission were 
notified accordingly. 

On the day appointed (November 6, 1878) all the members of the 
joint commission met at Conneaut, Ashtabula county, Ohio, near the 
northern terminus of the line. Here, the preliminaries of the survey 
were arranged. On the recommendation of James Worrall, A. B. LeufFer, 
of Philadelphia, was appointed chief engineer and the details of the 
survey entrusted to him. It was resolved to obtain the meridian of 
the monument before referred to, and produce it first north to Lake Erie, 
then south to the Ohio river — taking notes of all the important objects 
connected with, or in the vicinity of the line; also, investigating 
and carefully noting all the monuments and other evidences of the 
line's true position, as established by the survey of 1786. In conformity 
with these instructions, as the survey proceeded, and an accurate meas- 
urement of the line was being made, topographical notes of important 
adjacent objects, both natural and artificial, were taken. V ery many 
lateral measurements were made from the transit line to objects that 
could be relied on, to assist in determining the line's true location, or 
the boundaries of the original vista in which the line was located. Old 
settlers were interviewe d, and all the information in this way obtain- 
able was collected and recorded. These notes, investigations, measure- 
ments and records were made, on behalf of the state of Ohio, by Joseph 
M. Rickey and James Mackey, and on behalf of the state of Pennsyl- 
vania, by William W. Walker. Copious notes were also taken by G. D. 
Hersey and T. A. Snyder, chainmen. All available means were used to 
ascertain, with the utmost possible accuracy, the exact location of the 
line laid down by the survey of 1786; and it is confidently believed that 
the efforts were successful, and that the original line is substantially 
restored in the new, and will be thus accepted by those interested, and 
that all serious disputes concerning it will soon pass away. 



It was deemed advisable, in view of the fact that the bank of Lake 
Erie, at the point crossed by the line, is being washed away at the rate 
of two or three feet per annum, to place the initial or most northern 
terminal monument, from which the monuments and distances were 
reckoned (which point, in the field-notes of the survey and in this re- 
port is called zero), a considerable distance from the lake, so that it 
would be in no danger of meeting the fate of its predecessor, placed there 
ninety-six (96) years ago, and which, though placed several rods south 
of the bank of the lake, was many years since undermined, and had 
fallen down the bank. A spot was therefore selected for the site of this 
important monument, two thousand three hundred and forty (2,340) feet 
from the top of the bank of Lake Erie, and two thousand four hundred 
(2,400) feet south from the water's edge. 

When the survey reached twenty-two miles south of this point 
on the 6th day of December, 1878, snow fell fifteen inches deep ; and 
as just in advance lay, largely covered with water/ six miles of swamp, 
which one of the Western Reserve surveyors of 1796 pronounced, after 
passing through it, " the most abominable swamp in the world," it was 
deemed unwise, under the circumstances, to attempt to proceed; and 
the party disbanded until a more convenient season. 

On the 1st of January, 1879, W. W. Walker visited the swamp to 
ascertain whether or not it was so frozen as to allow the surveying party 
to pass over it on the ice. He found it was not; though the water had 
to a considerable extent drained off. He engaged parties in the vicin- 
ity to give notice when its condition would permit the prosecution of 
the survey. On the 15th day of the same month, it being deemed prac- 
ticable, work was resumed; and by great and persevering effort, the 
line was extended through the swamp to a point twenty-seven miles and 
four thousand six hundred and twenty and nine-tenths feet from zero, 
when, on the 22d day of the same month, the party again disbanded. 

On the 1st of April, 1879, operations were resumed. It was deemed 
necessary by the commissioners present, to obtain a meridian at the 
point to which the line had been produced the preceding January, and 
our line corrected by it, before advancing farther south. After several 
unsuccessful efforts, in consequence of the very unfavorable weather, a 
satisfactory observation of Polaris was obtained, and a meridian was es- 
tablished. Conforming the line to this meridian, it was extended south 
without cessation or adjournment until the 27th day of May, when, 
having reached the Ohio river, the southern terminus of the line, and 
connected it with the monument before spoken of on the south side of the 
river — the initial survey being completed — the party disbanded. 



It was the wish and design of the joint commission, that meridians 
should be obtained at frequent intervals, as the survey progressed, and 
the line, if in error, corrected by them. But owing to unfavorable cir- 
cumstances, it was found impossible to do so; and in view of the 
great expense of delaying the corps, it was deemed advisable to proceed 
with the survey, taking meridians when practicable, and that after- 
wards, in favorable weather, two persons— one from each state — 
should pass along the line and take meridians at such places, and make 
such investigations and revision of the transit line, as should be deemed 
necessary to discover its errors, their location and amount, and to pro- 
cure the data necessary for their elimination and the correction of the 
line. Accordingly, as the survey progressed, efforts were made to ob- 
tain meridians on the 2nd 16th, 22nd, 28th, 33d, 41st, 48th, 52nd. 55th, 
63d, 66th, 80th, 85th, 88th and 92nd miles. Some of these efforts were 
successful, satisfactory observations of Polaris being obtained. Others, 
owing to unfavorable circumstances, were not. 

It being evident to the joint commission that the appropriations 
made by the respective states were insufficient to complete the marking 
of the line, without which the survey already made would be useless, 
efforts were made to secure from each state the additional needed appro- 
priations. Ohio responded promptly, and an additional appropriation, 
deemed at the time sufficient, was granted ; but in Pennsylvania, the 
legislature of 1879 failed to provide the needed funds, and the imme- 
diate completion of the work was thereby prevented. This was unfor- 
tunate, and very much increased its- cost; because time, with the many 
various influences, is always at work to produce change and destruction. 
In the two years of delay, occasioned by this failure, so many of the 
stakes were removed, and other evidences of the position of the line 
left by the surveying party, that a re-survey of many parts of it was 
rendered necessary. 

As soon as it was known that no immediate appropriation would be 
made by Pennsylvania, it was deemed essential, in order to secure the 
benefit of the work already done, to immediately revise the line, and 
take the necessary meridians. Consequently, on the 15th da^y of Sep- 
tember, 1879, G. D. Hersey, a scientific gentleman in the employ of the 
Ohio commission, on behalf of the state of Ohio, and W. W. Walker of 
the Pennsylvania commission, on behalf of the state of Pennsylvania, 
commenced the proposed revision. They passed along the line — took 
twenty-three (23) meridians on it at different places — re-traced much of 
it, searching out its deflections, ascertaining their exact location and 
amount, thus procuring the data necessary for its final correction. Six 



- 10- 



miles in the swamp, and four at its northern extremity, were not at 
this time reyised; but their revision was deferred until August, 1881, 
when the same parties completed it, taking three additional meridians, 
and connecting the line with a station established by the United States 
Lake Survey, called the "State Line Flag." 

This revision required considerable time, and much very careful 
work, both night and day; yet it could not be dispensed with, as the data 
it furnished were essential to the correct establishment and mapping of 
the line. In connection with the revision, the course of the line for 
considerable distances was obtained by night, by lamps or signals 
erected at suitable stations. By this means, for example, views were 
obtained connecting the forty-second mile with the forty-eighth, and the 
latter with the fifty-fourth. Other points were similarly connected, and 
these courses compared with meridians established at the stations of 
observation. 

The above-mentioned investigations demonstrated that about sixty- 
two (62) miles of the northern part of the line of 1786 were not a true 
meridian, but deflected slightly into the north-west. 

The question whether a true meridian line should be adopted as the 
boundary, and marked accordingly, or the old line re-established and 
marked, w T as discussed by the joint commission, its chairman, James 
Worrall, and James Mcdullough, of Pennsylvania, advocating the former 
position, and the other members advocating the latter position, which 
was a dopted, the line of 1786 being re-established and re-marked. 

On the 13th day of September, 1881, the revision of the line being 
completed, and the Pennsylvania legislature having at its previous 
session made the necessary appropriation, the joint commission met at 
the call of the chairman, at Pittsburgh, and after deliberation, the fol- 
lowing method of marking the line was adopted : 

The most northern monument shall be placed at zero, the initial 
point of measurement, as adopted by the survey, twenty-four hundred 
feet south of the edge of the waters of Lake Erie; and as a rule, a monu. 
ment shall be placed at the terminus of each mile, measuring south 
from that point, to the Ohio river, the southern terminus of the line. 
Each monument, except the two extreme, or terminal ones, shall consist 
of two solid sandstones; the one, a cube fifteen inches on a side, called 
in this report the "monument;" the other called the "index," one foot 
square and three feet long. The monument (cube) to be placed invari- 
ably on the line, and sunk until its upper surface, shall be about two 
feet below the surface of the ground. 

On the level and dressed upper side of each monument shall be cut 



— 11 — 



a deep cross exactly on the line, and at the terminus of each mile. 
Where no highway lies on the line, the index shall stand upon the 
monument, with ten or twelve inches of its upper end above the ground. 
One foot of the upper end of the index to be dressed one foot square, with 
an apex one inch high. On the north dressed face of each index, shall 
be engraved the number of miles it stands from zero, with the letter M 
at the right hand of the figures. On the east side shall be engraven the 
letter P, and on the west side the letter 0, and on the south side "1881." 
Should the line lie along a highway the index shall be sot at right 
angles to the line, twenty-five feet either east or west of the monument. 
If to the west, "25 F" shall be engraved under the P, and if set to the 
east, the same shall be engraven under the O, to show in either case, the 
index is twenty-five feet either east or west of the sunk monument on 
the line. 

These rules were observed with regard to all the regular monuments 
except five; those designed to mark the terminus of the nineteenth, 
twenty-third, twenty-seventh, sixty-fifth, and ninety-first miles, which 
were set at recorded distances from the regular position, because the 
terminus of the mile was in a swamp or other unsuitable locality. 
Besides these, there were placed upon the line, three other monuments, 
at irregular distances; one set upon a summit on the forty-second mile, 
another on a summit on the forty-eighth mile, and one on the sixty-fifth 
mile in the Mahoning valley. [See Field Notes]. 

It was further determined that the two terminal monuments, one 
at each end of the line, should be of granite. The joint commission 
appointed Henry B. Perkins, of Ohio, and William W. Walker, of Penn- 
sylvania, to superintend the work and prosecute it to completion. 

Accordingly, on the 16th day of September, 1881, the above-named 
commissioners visited Cleveland and examined different specimens of 
stone, consulted with the representatives of the different prominent 
companies operating the large stone quarries in that vicinity, and 
finally contracted with the Ohio Building Stone Company (operating 
the North Amherst quarry) for the required sandstone monuments, said 
company agreeing to commence work upon and ship the stone im- 
mediately. 

It was desired to have the stone shipped at as early a date as 
possible, so that their delivery from railroad stations to their points of 
designation on the line might be effected during the season of good 
roads. But the immense and unprecedented amount of business on the 
railways caused the most annoying delay of their shipment and delivery, 
so that the commencement of the work of placing the monuments on 



— 12 — 

the line was delayed until the 23d day of October, at which date the 
work was commenced, William W. Walker having^general supervision 
of the work, and G. D. Hersey acting as engineer. 

Notwithstanding earnest and unremitting efforts were made by 
Henry B. Perkins and William W. Walker, to*secure an early shipment 
of the monuments, they were not all delivered^atphe designated railroad 
stations at the south end of the line until the following December. 
This unexpected and vexatious delay greatly augmented the difficulty 
and expense of their hauling and final delivery. 

It being the express wish of the joint commission, that the work 
should be completed at as early a date as possible, it was prosecuted 
vigorously, with but two short intervals, until the twelfth day of Janu- 
ary, 1882, when having set eighty-four monuments, and built the 
foundation for the north terminal monument, the party was compelled 
to discontinue operations, as the stones near the south end of the line 
were not all delivered, and the condition of the roads was such as to 
render their hauling almost impossible. 

After deliberation and consultation, it was concluded that the 
terminal monuments should be of the following dimensions : The base 
to be three feet square, eighteen inches deep, beveled around the top 
four inches back ; the shaft to be placed thereon to be four and one-half 
feet long, and twenty-eight inches square at .the base, and gradually 
tapering until within six inches of the top, then rapidly to a point or 
apex ; to be of Quincy granite, dressed neatly but not polished, with 
inscriptions hereinafter referred to and explained. 

When it was known that all the monuments had arrived at their 
destinations, work was resumed. Commencing at the north end May 
15, 1882, the granite monument was placed at the zero point, upon the 
foundation built the preceding October. This foundation was built of 
sandstone, laid in cement, five feet ten inches deep; four feet square at 
the top, and gradually enlarging toward the bottom. The cap stone of 
this base is four feet square and twenty-one inches deep ; its upper sur- 
face just below the surface of the ground. The granite monument 
erected thereon, base and shaft weighs four thousand eight hundred 
pounds. It stands in the midst of a slight artificial mound, and on a 
very slight natural summit; the land descending both north and south. 

On the east side of the granite base is engraved the word " Penn- 
sylvania, " and on the west side is engraved the word li Ohio. " On the 
north side of the shaft these words are engraved : " Erected in 1881 by 
a joint commission appointed by the states of Pennsylvania and Ohio, 
to re-survey and re-mark the boundary line, as established in 1786. " 



— 13 — 



Having completed the work at this place, the party proceeded to 
the south end of the line, and set the seven remaining sandstone monu- 
ments from the eighty-fifth to the ninety-first mile, inclusive, and built 
a base for the terminal granite monument on which it was erected; the 
whole structure, the sandstone base, the granite base and shaft, includ- 
ing inscriptions, being a duplicate of the north terminal monument 
before described. 

On the first day of June the party disbanded, leaving three monu- 
ments yet unset, viz. : those designed to mark the termini of the 25th, 
27th and 28th miles, their sites being under water when the other 
monuments in their vicinity were set. These were afterwards put in 
position, and the entire work was finished by the same parties August 
15, 1882. 

ORIGINAL MONUMENTS. 

While passing over the line in the recent survey, nineteen monu- 
ments placed on it by the survey of 1786 were found, and satisfactory 
evidence of the former existence, and approximate position of .six 
others, which had formerly marked it, but had been removed and lost. 
Of all these, only two gave satisfactory evidence that they occupy 
exactly the saooe position they did orignally. Five have not been dis- 
turbed by human agency, and were substantially correct, having only 
been affected by frost, and other natural forces, by which they were 
thrown more or less out of their original perpendicular position. Twelve 
had been displaced by human agency, and replaced, and the remaining 
six had been removed, destroyed, or lost. 

The following is a description of the above monuments, together 
with their former and present positions, as far as known, begining at 
Lake Erie and numbering south. No permanent line marks were made 
by the re-survey on any of these monuments. Monument numbered 
was found lying in a corner of a worm-fence, one hundred and ten feet 
from the top of the bank of Lake Erie, and one hundred and seventy 
feet south of the water's edge : 

No. 1. Twenty-two hundred and thirty feet north from zero. The 
ground on which it originally stood was many years ago washed 
away, causing it to fall down the bank of the lake. It was drawn up 
and placed where it was found by the re-survey, by the farmers owning 
the adjoining lands. As re-set by the joint commission, it stands on 
the restored line at the north side of a highway called "Lake Road," nine- 
teen hundred and forty-seven feet north of zero, twenty-eight inches 



— 14 — 



under, and eight inches above the surface of the ground. It is a water- 
worn flagstone, or slab, nearly three feet square, and six inches thick. 
It bears on its side this inscription, placed there by the survey of 1786, 
viz. : " Pennsylvania— 1786. " 

No. 2. Four miles south of zero, an irregular, oblong, granite boulder, 
weighing perhaps four or five hundred pounds. On its south-east side 
was engraven a large capital letter P. The testimony of citizens in the 
vicinity, some of whom had been acquainted with its location for more 
than sixty years, all agreed that the stone stood substantially in its 
original position, and had always, by all parties, been regarded as indi- 
cating the true location of the line of 1786. From the center of this 
stone the initial meridian of the recent survey was produced, north and 
south. To this monument the restored line was made to conform, called 
in the field-notes the u Culver Monument. " 

No. 3. Twelve miles and eleven hundred feet south from zero. 
Many years ago removed and placed in the foundation of a barn, and is 
not now to be seen. 

No. 4. Thirty-two miles and three hundred and forty-seven feet 
south from zero. This monument is a large egg-shaped granite boulder, 
with a large P engraven on its east side. It lies in an open field, and 
is believed to occupy at least very nearly its original position, and is 
one of the four standard monuments, to which the restored line is made 
to conform. Called the " Brown Monument. " 

No. 5. Thirty-nine miles and three thousand and nineteen and 
one-half feet south from zero. Is a light colored granite monument, 
which was displaced by passing teams, and lay in the corner of a fence 
for years, and was afterwards re-set, as nearly as they could, in its former 
position, by neighboring landowners. There is a rough cut P on its east 
side. It stands on the restored line, having been moved one and 
seventy-seven one-hundredths feet west to conform to it. 

No. 6. Forty-five miles and forty-two hundred and fifty feet south 
from zero. A large granite boulder lying in an open field. In 1828 it 
was made part of the foundation of a barn, and in renewing the founda- 
tion in 1881 it was removed, and the large P cut upon it by the 
survey of 1786, which indicated its character, was discovered. 

No. 7. Fifty miles and forty-nine hundred feet south from zero. 
This monument is lost, and its character unknown. 



4 



— 15 — 

No. 8. Fifty-four miles and thirty-five hundred and ninety-fiv e 
feet south from zero. Supposed to be a large granite boulder, yet to be 
seen, found in wheel way of public road; but, if genuine, the P is too 
much effaced to be identified with certainty. 

No. 9. Fifty-five miles and five thousand feet south from zero. 
Sandstone, marked with the usual P, but lost. 

No. 10. Sixty miles and fourteen hundred and fifteen feet south 
from zero. Many years ago placed under the corner of a house, and not 
now visible. 

No. 11. Sixty-two miles and fifteen hundred and sixty and two- 
tenths feet south from zero. An undressed granite rock about one 
hundred and two feet south of its original position, having been removed 
many years ago to mark a farm corner P on its east side. Moved east 
nine inches, to conform to the restored line. Called the "Shiehy Monu- 
ment." 

No. 12. Sixty-five miles and twenty-six hundred and seventy-one 
and four-tenths feet south from zero. This is one of the two monuments, 
believed to occupy exactly their original position. It is a granite 
boulder, supposed to weigh six or seven hundred pounds, so buried that 
its upper surface is level with that of the ground. The line of 1786 
seems to have passed over it, and the P usually cut on the east side 
was placed on its upper surface. It lies on the first summit south of the 
Mahoning river. The restored line crossed this stone at the foot of the 
stem of the P. Called the "Barkley Monument." 

No. 13. Sixty-seven miles and five thousand and thirty-six feet 
south from zero. Long since displaced or lost. 

No. 14. Sixty-nine miles and seven hundred and seventy-two feet 
south from zero. Stands in the middle of a highway. Was at one time 
removed by order of an Ohio path-master, and afterwards, when the 
P upon it was discovered, it was replaced, and the side marked P 
was turned toward the west. It is on the line. Called the "Bayar 
Monument." 

No. 15. Seventy-one miles and twenty hundred and twenty-two 
and one-half feet south from zero. A comparatively small stone, nearly 
round, marked P on east side, buried in the middle of the highway. 
Like the former, it was at one time removed, and afterwards replaced 
where it now lies, buried on the line. Called the "Fosnot Monument." 



— 16 - 



No. 16. Seventy-three miles and thirty-eight hundred and sixty- 
eight and one-half feet south of zero. An irregular, comparatively small 
sandstone, but slightly sunk into the ground. Marked P on east side ; 
believed by the neighboring citizens to be but slightly, if at all, 
removed from its original position. Called the "Lafferty Monument'." 
Moved thirteen and one-half inches east, to conform to the restored line. 

No. 17. Seventy-four miles and seventeen hundred and forty-one feet 
south of zero. An indifferent sandstone, under the corner of a fence, 
marked P. 

No. 18. Seventy-six miles and twenty-four hundred and seventy- 
one feet south of zero. Similar to No. 17, found by Henry Long, lying 
at the east side of the highway, and removed by him to his door-yard for 
a u relic," where it remains. 

No. 19. Seventy-nine miles and three hundred and eighty-six and 
one-half feet south from zero. A sandstone, seemingly quarried, and 
roughly dressed into its present shape. It is about three feet long, 
sixteen inches broad and six inches thick. Under the P, on the east 
side, is engraven the figures " 77," and on a small stone buried at its 
eastern base, are cut the letters A E. It was once displaced to accom- 
modate a threshing machine. It was moved three feet and three and 
five-eighths inches west to the established line. It stands on the first 
summit south of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad. 
Called the " Hartshorn Monument." 

No. 20. Eighty-two miles and three hundred and seventy-three and 
seven-tenths feet south from zero. Is a roughly dressed sandstone, 
similar to the preceding, marked P on its east side. Stands on the first 
summit south of Little Beaver creek, about three hundred feet above the 
stream. The summit commands a beautiful view of the surrounding 
country. The monument leaned somewhat, but is believed never to 
have been moved by human agency, until adjusted by the recent survey. 
Three and one-half inches west to conform to the established line. 
Called the " Booth Monument." 

No. 21. Eighty-five miles and four hundred and fifteen and four- 
tenths feet south of zero. This is a slightly dressed, irregular sandstone 
slab, fourteen inches high, above ground. Sixteen inches broad at the 
surface of the ground, and four inches thick. It is deep set, on perhaps 
the highest summit on the line. It stands erect, and quite firm, in dry, 
gravelly soil in a forest, and all the evidence harmonizes with regard to 



— 17 — 



it, to the effect that it occupies exactly the same position in which it 
was placed by the survey of 1786. Consequently, it was accepted as 
denoting the exact meridian of the line w r hich passes through it, and 
also through No. 12. To this line all the original and other monuments, 
from the eleventh to the southern terminus of the line, were made to 
conform. It is marked P on its east side. Called the u Beaty Monu- 
ment." 

No. 22. Eighty-six miles and twenty-two hundred and seventy feet 
south of zero. Is a small sandstone, the top of which is taken off hori- 
zontally, leaving only the stem of the P on the monument. The upper 
part is lost. It was maliciously displaced some years ago, and after- 
wards the citizens in the vicinity replaced it as nearly as possible in its 
original position. It was moved three and one-half inches east to con- 
form to the established line. Called the " Hamilton Monument." 

No. 23. Eighty-eight miles and twenty-six hundred and sixty-four 
and seven tenths feet south of zero. A sandstone, thirty inches long, 
twenty inches wide at the base, thirteen inches at the top, and six 
inches thick. Was once displaced by passing teams, and afterwards 
replaced by adjoiniag landowners. Moved nine inches west to the 
restored line. Called the " Fisher Monument." 

No. 24. Ninety miles and twenty-two hundred and forty- eight feet 
south from zero. A roughly dressed sandstone, nearly four feet long, 
eighteen inches wide, and seven inches thick. Though it leaned con- 
siderably to the north-west, it had not been tampered with. Marked 
with the usual P on the east side. Straightened up to conform to the 
established line. Called the " Hood Monument." 

No. 25. Ninety-one miles and twenty-four hundred and sixty-six 
feet south of zero. Lying near the line, marked P; reset on the line. 

The four standard monuments, to which the restored line was 
adjusted, were the second, fourth, twelfth, and twenty-first, as before 
stated. Commencing at the south end of the line, at the Ohio river, or 
at the original monument before referred to, on the south side of the 
river, which was ascertained to stand on the meridian of the restored 
line, and tracing it north, the line possess through the twenty-first and 
twelfth monuments, their position being accepted as indicating the 
exact location of the original line of 1786. This line, being a tru e 
meridian, is produced to the terminus of the sixty-second mile from 
zero. Here the course slightly changes, and a divergence of one and 
2 



— 18 — 



sixty-nine hundredths of a foot per mile, into the north-west, is intro- 
duced. This direction is maintained through the fourth monument to 
the terminus of the thirty-second mile from zero, where another angle 
is introduced, increasing the divergence to one and eighty-five hun- 
dredths of a foot per mile. This direction is maintained through the 
second monument to the northern terminus of the line at Lake Erie. 

All of which is respectfully submitted, together with a map made 
by G. D. Hersey, of the line as surveyed and marked with monuments, 
and which is intended as a part of this report. 

James Worrall, 
James McCullough, 
William W. Walker, 
Commissioners on behalf of Pennsylvania. 

Joseph M. Rickey, 
James Mackey, 
Henry B. Perkins, 
Commissioners on behalf of Ohio. 

February 1, 1883. 



SURVEYOR'S REPORT 



OF THE RE-SURVEY OF THE BOUNDARY LINE 

BETWEEN 

PENNSYLVANIA AND OHIO, A. D. 1881. 

To the Joint Boundary Commission : 

Gentlemen : At the time the re-survey of the State boundary was 
begun, scarcely anything was known concerning it, except that it was 
described as being a meridian line. As may be more fully seen by ref- 
erence to the Commissioners' report, no official information relating to 
the original survey of the boundary could anywhere be found. So it 
was not known by what methods the first line had been run, nor with 
what degree of precision it might be expected to conform to its verbal 
description. So, too, in the entire absence of written records, the restora- 
tion of the original boundary must depend upon such monumenatal evi- 
dences of its true position as still remained upon the boundary itself. 
Accordingly a survey of investigation was made for the purpose of col- 
lecting and systematizing all such evidence as could be discovered. The 
restoration of the old boundary has been made, founded upon the data 
furnished by that survey. The methods of executing the survey and 
the results of the restoration dependent thereon is the subject of this 
report. 

The nature of the evidence sought for is shown essentially in the 
following schedule of things to be noted : 

1st. Monuments of the original survey, and collect all available 
facts and traditions concerning each one discovered as to whether it be 
in place, and if not, the nature and probable extent of its displacement. 

2d. Monuments of surveys, whether old or new, made subsequent 
to the year 1786, and ascertain the degree of reliance placed upon such 
monuments by all parties interested in them. 

3d. Line fences as actually built and purporting to be on the State 
line. 

4th. Highways laid out and maintained along the State line, and 
whether by both States mutually or by one alone, and which one. 



— 20 — 



5th. Evidence of the old vista. For tradition said that the first 
surveyors had cut a wide vista through the forest, within which opening 
the boundary lay. Consequently note was taken of the large trees and 
stumps of trees, that were manifestly quite large timber in 1786, and 
which evidently stood near the vista margins, arid were therefore not cut 
down. 

The condition and peculiarities of the old line being altogether un- 
known, no attempt was made to actually retrace on the ground any por- 
tion of it. The survey, therefore, was executed by the method of rec- 
tangular co-ordinates. The true meridian passing through an original 
monument discovered near Lake Erie, was taken as a prime meridian 
or base-line From the base-line, measurements were made to the vari- 
ous objects connected with the purpose of the survey. They were made 
in feet and are called " ordinates " in this report. The base-line was also 
measured, beginning at an arbitrary position at Lake Erie, assumed as 
a starting point, and measuring southward, recording distances in miles 
and feet, so that the relative position of the points were known inde- 
pendently of one another as being so many miles and feet south from 
the starting point, and so many feet either east or west from the base- 
line. 

For making alignments, the " Engineer's Transit " was the instru- 
ment employed. Heller & Brightley, of Philadelphia, Pa., are the 
makers. The circle is 6^ inches in diameter, graduated to minutes. 
Telescope, reversible in bearings, length 11 J inches; diameter of object 
glass 1 \ inches; weight of instrument, including tripod, 24J pounds. 
The transit stations were wooden stubs driven even with the surface of 
the ground and centered with a tack. The signals sighted upon were 
wooden rods, 8 to 12 feet long, painted alternately red and white, and 
shod with a steel shoe terminating in a point in the axis of the rod. 

The measurements were made with steel tapes. For short distances 
the pocket tape, as made by Chesterman, was used. For longer distances, 
and especially the base-line, the "Engineer's Tape," as made by Wm. 
Young & Sons, of Philadelphia, was employed. It is a narrow ribbon 
of steel about one-eighth wide by one-fortieth inch thick, and 100 feet 
long, guaranteed by the makers to be U. S. standard length. Linen 
tapes were used for making the numerous measurements of a less im- 
portant character. Tally pins, of such a construction as to ensure their 
dropping in a plumb line, were used for making chain-lengths. 

The measuring of the boundary was done along the line cleared for 
the transit. The degree of precision aimed at, was that which could be 
accomplished by skilled chainmen, working with the steel tape and tally 



— 21 - 



pins in the usual way. The same tape was used for the whole line. 
Several of the miles coming on moderately even ground were remeasured 
with a resulting discrepancy ranging from 1J to 4 inches. The transit 
stations were entered in the chain notes, that they might afterwards be 
found, but mainly for the purpose of rectifying the transit line as here- 
after described. On the transit line, and at the terminus of each mile, 
temporary wooden posts were set as convenient points to measure from 
in locating the restored boundary on the ground. 

The alignment was done with the transit before mentioned, running 
in the usual way by backsights and foresights, the length of " sights " 
ranging from a few hundred feet to a mile or more, according to the 
nature of the country, but generaly about one-fourth mile. In the first 
place, the meridian was observed at Lake Erie, and through the meridian 
marks the transit line was prolonged southward several miles. The 
meridian was then observed again, the direction of the last foresight of 
the transit line compared with it, and the accumulated deflection error 
recorded. Through the new meridian marks the line was again pro- 
longed and the process repeated to the close of the work at the Ohio 
river. Afterwards the meridian marks were tested by re-observation, 
and also the direction of the transit line ascertained by comparison with 
the meridian at shorter intervals than had been done at first. [See 
Com. Report.] Thus the transit line was divided into sections of three 
to six miles each, the distance between two consecutive astronomical 
stations being a section. 

The transit line having been ru¥i in the manner described, its de- 
flection errors were distributed and the base-line deduced. Each section 
was considered separately. The direction of the initial and final fore- 
sights was known, having been directly compared with the meridian. 
The change of direction after running four or five miles, was usually 
about one minute of arc. The accumulated change of direction as 
measured in the final foresight, was uniformly distributed over the sec- 
tion, that is, the change of direction at each transit station was taken to 
have been uniform for the section. The direction errors resulting from 
any tendencies to reverse curvature in a section were of course not elimi- 
nated, but it is thought the sections were made sufficiently short to pro- 
vide against any serious consequence from this source. Several oppor- 
tunities were offered for testing the reliability of the mode of rectification 
adopted and shown to be in the main correct. The base-line probably 
coincides with the true meridian as near as can be expected, from the 
manner of running the transit line. 

The divergence of each u sight " of the transit line from the true 



— 22 — 



meridian having been determined as above described, the distance of 
each transit station east or west from the base-line was then computed, 
and its position with reference to the base line was known. The ordi- 
nates as measured in the field were reckoned from the transit line, hence, 
the corresponding correction was applied to each ordinate to make it read 
from the base-line, and all points of the survey became known in rec- 
tangular co-ordinates. 

The transit line, as run on the ground, was not in one unbroken 
line, it being necessary to run on parallel offsets, in order to avoid ob- 
structions, and also to keep in the close proximity of the State bound- 
ary. The offsets were made by setting off equal distances at backsight 
and foresight stations. 

The geographic position of the State line, is derived from a geodetic 
point on the U. S. Lake Survey, as is shown in the following extract 
from correspondence between the officers of that Survey and the Bound- 
ary Commission. 

"The nearest point at which the latitude and longitude have been 

observed is Erie. Pennsylvania referred to the Beacon Light House, 
No. 1, behind the north pier, entrance to Erie Harbor. The nearest 
marked geodetic point to the intersection desired [State line and lake 
shore] is the secondary triangulation station, "State Line Flag," located 
about two miles easterly from the State boundary line. 

The observed latitude and longitude of Erie Beacon, No. 1, are : 

Lat., 42° 09' 17".85 

Long., 80° 04' 46. /, S6 W. 

The latitude and longitude of station "State Line Flag" are: 

Lat., 41° 59' 23".70. 

Long., 80° 29' 14/'97; 
Derived geodetically from Beacon No. 1." 

The geographic positions given in the Chaining Notes, contained 
in this report, are derived from station "State Line Flag." 

The true meridian was obtained by observing the North Star, at its 
greatest elongation east or west, and fixing the direction of the star's 
azimuth on the ground. The star's apparent north polar distance, for 
the date of observation being taken from the American Ephemeris, and 
the latitude of the place being computed by the aid of the measured 
base line, the azimuth angle was computed. The distance between the 
instrument and the northern signal was then measured, and the tan- 
gent distance corresponding to the azimuth angle set off on the ground. 

The same instrument used for running the transit line was em- 
ployed for observing the meridian. It had no astronomical appliances, 



— 23 — 



the cross hairs being illuminated by a small lantern in the hand of the 
observer. The northern signal sighted upon in fixing the azimuth line 
on the ground was the flame of a small lantern located 600 to 1200 feet 
from the instrument, and sliding back and forth along a graduated 
straightedge placed at right angles with the azimuth line. Four and six 
sights were usually taken with the telescope alternately in the direct 
and reverse position. The time occupied in sight was generally ten to 
twelve minutes before and after the date of elongation, which date was 
obtained from the time of the star's meridian passage at Washington, 
reduced to the indication of a watch keeping State line time. The 
position of each "sight" was recorded on the board or straightedge. 
Each sight was corrected separately for the slight change in azimuth of 
the star from the position of elongation. The mean of each pair of i 
sights taken with the telescope direct and reverse, w T as found, and the 
average of the means taken for the azimuth line. The error is probably 
about five seconds of arc, or under. 

When the field-work of the the re-survey had been completed and 
reduced to uniformity in the manner foregoing, all the ascertained evi- 
dence relating to the position of the old boundary was then shown on 
paper in a plan of the survey, drawn to a conveniant scale, and which 
showed east and west distances, magnified one hundred time?. The 
following facts were then apparent: 

1st. The original line had been very carefully run. It was practic- 
ally straight and very nearly on the true meridian, its extreme difference 
of longitude being but one hundred and eleven teet. 

2d. Sufficient remains of the "vista" had been collected to mark 
out its position with a good degree of certainty for the entire length. 
The vista showed a width of twenty to thirty feet. 

3rd. Very many of the original monuments had been destroyed, 
especially on the northern two-thirds of the boundary, but there were 
found twelve monuments among those that remained that were still in 
place or very nearly so. 

4th. The monuments yet standing along the boundary, and the tra- 
ditional positions of some others not now remaining, were seen to lay 
along a line that traversed the middle of the vista. 

5th. All the older and best recognized of the monuments of sub- 
sequent surveys very nearly coincided with the line of original monu- 
ments, the discrepancy nowhere exceeding a few feet. 

6th. The line of original monuments divided about midway: all 
the other evidence of a more fluctuating character, that is, about the 
same amount of line fences, local corners, center or side lines of high- 



- 24 — 



ways, lay on either side of it. Such fluctuating lines lay within a strip 
of land about twenty to thirty feet wide. 

7th. The line of original monuments lay wholly within the limits 
of the old vista. 

Therefore, the whole body of evidence collected by the re-survey 
went to establish the same conclusion, that the actual position of orig- 
inal monuments now lost was either on, or reasonably mar straight 
lines connecting the original monuments that now remain. Accord- 
ingly the restoration of the boundary was made upon that principle. 
As many of the original monuments as were known to be in place, and 
undisturbed, wer^ taken to be so many points of the u old line" absolute- 
ly determined. Only four such points, however, could be established 
with complete certainty, which were, therefore, made governing points 
in the restoration. The straight lines were drawn through the govern- 
ing points in such a manner as best to harmonize with the positions of 
monuments known to have been more or less disturbed, the greatest re- 
quired movement of such monuments being three and three tenths 
feet. 

The line so determined was considered to be the "true location" of 
the original boundary. It is the line to which the displaced original 
monuments have been restored, and upon which the monuments 
of the re-survey have been planted. It consists of three straight 
lines nearly equal in length, and presenting slight angles at 
their points of junction. Beginning at Lake Erie, it bears east of the 
true meridian one and eighty-five hundredths feet per mile, as far as the 
terminus of the thirty-second mile; thence it bears east of the meridian 
one and sixty-nine hundredths feet, to the terminus of the sixty-second 
mile; thence it follows the true meridian to the Ohio river, and being 
also in the same meridian with an original monument on the south 
side of the Ohio river, between Pennsylvania acd West Virginia. 

It is not presumed that the bearings above mentioned are entirely 
exact, nor the straight lines perfectly straight. It is to be noted also 
that the re-survey began at the north and was carried southward, while, 
had the opposite direction been pursued, as was the case with the first 
survey, it is entirely probable that a somewhat different verbal de- 
scription would have been the result, owing in some measure to disturb- 
ing causes whicn affect all operations dependent on the plumb line. 

The restoration of the boundary being now completed, it only re- 
mained in order to fix it on the ground, to compute the distance of each 
mile point from the base-line, or rather from the temporary mile posts 
planted when the transit line was run. This was done and the line 



— 25 — 



indicated on the ground by two series of boundary marks. First, the 
original monuments, some of which were already on the boundary. 
Those of the others that had escaped destruction were restored to their 
proper places. The old were re-set in the same condition as found, in- 
scribing upon them no new marks whatever. Second, the monuments 
of the re-survey. For a description of the same see the Commissioner's 
report, and also the " Chaining Notes " in this report. 

The map accompanying this report, and to which reference is now 
made, is constructed from two distinct sources of information. First, the 
field-notes of the re-survey ; and second, township maps as contained in 
published county atlases. The field-notes comprise only what is readily 
visible to a person traveling along the line. And of the things shown 
on the map, the field-notes only give their position at their intersection 
with the state boundary, while direction and character are given to the 
things shown by the aid of the published maps. The principal, if not the 
sole object of the map, is to define the position of the state boundary and its 
monuments with greater fullness and clearness than could well be done by 
verbal description. The boundary monuments are represented by a 
circle enclosing a triangle ; the figures at the left denote the distance of 
each monument, south from the northern terminal monument. 



CHAINING NOTES OF THE PENNSYLVANIA AND OHIO BOUNDAEY 
LINE EE-SURVEY OF 1881. 



Explanatoey Note. — Distances are given in miles and feet, and are reckoned 
from the northern terminal monument, northward 2400 feet to Lake Erie, and south- 
ward 91 miles 4778 feet to the Ohio river. Distances from the terminal monument 
northward are denoted by the negative sign. Begin chaining at the water's edge of 
Lake Erie and measure southward on the state boundary. 

Miles. Feet. 

0. 2400. Water's edge of Lake Erie — lake shore bears true north 64° E. and S. 
68° W. 

0. 2340. Top of bluffs about 50 feet high, and of a uniform altitude. They are 
mostly free from stratified rock, and are being worn away by the waves 
about two feet per annum ; ground rises slightly south. 

0. 1945. (Approximate), monument of the original survey of 1786, and the ter- 
minal monument of that survey. It is a flagstone 6 inches thick, and 
34x36 inches in size, and bearing on the east side the inscription, 
"Pennsylvania — 1786." It was taken from the fence corner where it 
was first found lying in 1878, and re-set on the state boundary at the 
north side of the " lake road. " For further description of this, and also 
of the other original monuments, see the Commissioners' report. 

0. 1927. Center highway east and west, parallel with lake shore, and called " lake 
road. " Highway on state line begins. 

0. 0.0. Northern terminal monument. It is of granite, 6 feet high by 3 feet 
square at base. Its position is on the west side of highway, in level 
open country, and on the summit of a low broad undulation, lying 
parallel with lake shore. 

On the north side of the shaft is the following inscription : 
" erected in 1881 by 
a joint commission 
appointed by the 
states of Pennsyl- 
vania and Ohio to 
ke-survey and re- 
mark THE BOUNDARY 

line as established 
in 1786." 

On the east side of the base is inscribed — 

" Pennsylvania. " 
And on the west side — 

" Ohio. " 



-27 — 



Miles Feet. 

In the vertical axis line of monument, and on top of the sandstone 
foundation is inscribed a + (cross), one arm of which defines the state 
boundary and the other marks the begining of the first mile. 
The geographical position of the monument is — 

Latitude, 41° 58' 21. "48. 

Longitude, 80° 31' 18/17 W. 
Deduced by triangulation from " State Line Flag, " a triangulation 
station on the U. S. Lake Survey. The position of "State Line Flag" is — 

Latitude, 41° 59' 23/70. 

Longitude, 80° 29' 14."97 W. 
Was furnished by the Superintendent of the Lake Survey. All other 
geographic positions given in these chaining notes are derived from 
the northern terminal monument by measurement from the base line. 
The direction, or tearing of the state boundary, is one and eighty-five 
hundredths (lyo 5 o) ^ ee ^ P er m ^ e eas ^ of the true south, that is, it makes 
an angle of 0° V 12/'27 with the true meridian. It is a straight line as 
far as the terminus of the 32d mile. See description of state boundary, 
given at page — . 

The magnetic variation is 2° 44' W. as given November, 1878, by the 
transit used at the north end of the line. 
Continue measuring southward. 

0. 2140. Center highway leading E. 
2900. N. margin valley. 

3464. Turkey creek, 12 feet wide— flows W. 
3500. Bottom bluff — ground rises S. 

1. 0. Terminus 1st mile — in highway at W. side of road-bed — woodland W. — 

cleared land E. 

October 22, 1881, set boundary monument two feet under ground, and 
marked on top with a cross (+). Index stands 25 feet east from the 

monument ; it projects one foot above ground, and is marked as lollows : 

o 

north side, 1 M. ; east side, P. ; west side, 25 F. ; south side, 1881 ; top 
of monument 2 feet 10 inches lower than top of index. 
N. B — Each boundary monument consists of two blocks of sandstone, 
the under-ground mark and the surface mark. The first block is called 
in these chaining notes the " Monument. " The monument is 15x15x15 
inches in size, it is buried entirely under ground two feet below the 
surface, and its position is on the state boundary without exception. 
On the upper side is cut two notches intersecting each other at right- 
angles in the form of a cross. One notch points north and south and 
marks the state line ; the other notch points east and west and marks 
the terminus of the mile. 

The surface mark is called the " Index. " It is 12x12x36 inches in size, 
and set vertically on top of the monument, so that one foot of its upper 
end projects above ground, which is also cut to a uniform size of 12 
inches square, the upper face being finished in a pyramidal apex one 
inch high. The four sides of the index face the four cardinal points 



— 28 - 



Miles. Feet. 

and each side bears an inscription — on the north side, the number of 
miles from the northern terminal monument, on the east side, the initial 
letter of Pennsylvania, on the west side the initial letter of Ohio, and on 
the south side the date of the re-survey, 1881. The upper face bears no 
inscription, but the center is indicated by the apex of the surmounting 
pyramid. 

When, however, the index would stand in the way of public travel, it is 
not set on the monument, but stands twenty-five (25) feet either due 
east or due west from it. When such is the case the inscription 25 F. is cut 
on that side which faces the xuonument. 25 F. means that the distance 
from the center of the index to the state line is 25 feet. In setting the 
index, this distance was accurately determined, so that, as long as the 
index remains in place, the position of the state line may be found at 
any time without uncovering the buried monument. 
Sometimes the terminus of a full mile did not offer a favorable spot for 
setting a monument, in which case it was carried forward or back to a 
suitable situation, and the inscription on the north face of the index 
modified to express the full miles and fractional parts of a mile. 
1. 0. At 1st m. mnt. (first-mile monument) the ground rises S. 1 in 50 to tracks 
of Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Eailroad — E. and W. nearly level — 
N. rolling. About 30 feet S. W. is head of a slight depression bearing N. 
W. — N. 210 feet is center of southernmost of a succession of small gullies 
coming from Pennsylvania, and running W. into larger gully in Ohio. 

1. 0. Station for observing the meridian. 

Lat , 41° 57' 29/ / 8. 
590. Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Eailroad. 
2600. S. side swampy, woodland on W. 

4615. Center highway called " Ridge Eoad," once called Buffalo and Cleveland 

road. Highway on state line ends. 
4940. Center of dwelling-house, eastern corner of which stands across the state 

line. 

2. 0. 2nd m. mnt. — in open fields E. and W. Soil sandy, underlaid with quick- 

sand and water ; mnt. bedded in a foundation of small boulders — index 
stands on mnt., and marked accordingly. Mound of earth, 18 inches 
high, 10 feet diameter. 

Ground falls slightly S. into swampy woods — E. and W. level — N. rises 1 
in 60 to " Eidge Eoad." 
6. N. line of Loren Whiting land in Ohio. 
800. Beginning of swampy woods. In fall of 1878, ground was half over 

flowed with straggling brooks. 
2050. Brook 2 feet wide, outlet of swamp, drains W. 
2150. End of woods W. 

3000. End of woods E., and end of swamp or marshy ground. 
4640. Highway W.— highway on state line begins. 

Note. — A highway has been laid out on state line, but not yet opened 

for travel, from this point N. to the " Eidge Road." 



- 29- 



Miles. Feet. 

2. 4800. Line of sandy bluffs, about 10 feet high. 

3. 0. 3rd m. mnt. — stands on W. side of highway — heavy woods E., thicket 

small timber W. 

Index stands on mnt. — soil, dry, sandy loam and hardpan. 

Ground nearly level all around. 350 feet N. is summit of low, sandy 

ridge or bluff, running parallel with lake shore. 
1060. Center highway E. and W., called " Under-ridge road ;" bottom of earthy 

bluffs, 40 to 50 feet high, and apparently at one time the shore line of 

Lake Erie ; they bear about N. 70° E., and S. 70° W. Level, sandy 

country ends. 
1250. Top of bluffs. 

2950. Summit of ridge, 80 to 100 feet higher than level country bordering lake . 
3400. Brook 3 feet wide, flowing E.— lies in deep valley. 

5200. Alvah Culver's house, 50 feet W. Mr. Culver is an old man upwards of 
80 years of age ; he has known the original monument standing a few 
rods south of his house since 1815, and certifies it to be in place. 

4. 0. 4th m. mnt. — stands at W. side of highway — woodland E., open fields W. 

John Miles' heirs land E. Alvah Culver's land W. Index stands on mnt. 
and marked accordingly. Soil, dry and sandy, with clayey sub-soil. 
Mnt. stands on flat summit, of an E. and W. ridge, which is rather the 
highest land between this point and the lake. Ground rises slightly S. 
for 160 feet, then falls 1 in 10 into a hollow, bearing westerly — undulat- 
ing westward for one-half mile. N. 70° W. 300 feet is a divide at head 
of two hollows, one of which makes around to the N. E., crossing state 
line 640 feet N. — summit of ridge continues E. for 500 feet. Country is 
very uneven, being a succession of crooked ridges, with winding hollows 
between. 

4. 0. Station for observing the meridian. 

Lat., 41° 54 / 53."3. 
Magnetic variation, 3° 02' W., Oct. 6, 1879, 10:15 A.M. 
1. Original monument of 1786, now known as the " Culver Monument." It 
is known to be in place, and is therefore one of the governing points in 
the restoration of the boundary. It is a rough, irregular granite boulder, 
two feet in longest dimension, and when first seen in 1878 was lying 
half buried in the ground, showing a large letter P on the south-easterly 
side. It is now straightened up, and stands directly against the south 
side of index of 4th mile mnt. Tweoty-eight miles southward is the 
next remaining original mnt. 
600. Bottom of hollow bearing westerly. 

1045. Center highway E. and W., called " South-ridge road." Highway on 

state line ends. 
1180. Top of low E. and W. ridge. 
1960. Top of precipitous gorge of Conneaut river. 

2010. Bottom of bluff, and N. margin of river bottom bluff is 50 feet high or 

more ; soft, crumbling shale in level strata. 
2135. N. water's edge Conneaut river — 120 feet wide, flows westerly. 



— 30 — 



Miles. Feet. 

2195. Center of river, also line between Conneaut arid Springfield townships in 

Pennsylvania. 
2290. S. Water's edge. 

2640. S. margin river bottoms — base of bluffs. 
2700. Top of bluff 50 ft. high— on a point. 

2710. Land immediately falls again into crooked gully coming down from 8. 

3000. Brook 3 ft. wide— flows N. W. into river. 

3050. On eastern spur of bluff. 

3150. Line crosses brook before mentioned. 

3300. Top of bluffs, margin of river valley. 

4890. S. line of lands in Pennsylvania known as the " Moravian Grant." 

5. 0. 5th m. mnt. — at S. margin of woods. Index stands on mnt. — mound of 

earth 18 inches high, 12 ft. diameter — location wet ; soil sandy silt,washed 
down from surrounding higher ground. S. 30° E. up on the higher 
ground, begins a slight depression draining down past mnt., at which 
place the flat-bottomed hollow is very distinct, and continues on a short 
distance N. W. to its j auction with the crooked gully, winding down 
northward along the State line. 

1517. Boundary mnt. with index on mnt., and set and marked as usual,except 
the N. face of index, which is left blank, for it is a line mnt., and not in- 
tended to mark distance. It stands on the summit of a high E. and W. 
ridge, the water-shed between Conneaut river and Ashtabula creek. 
Miles 4 to 8 are all visible from this line mnt. 

2078. Station for observing meridian. 

Latitude, 41° 53' 40/ / 6. 

Mag. var., 2° 56' W., Oct. 5, 1879, 11:30 A. M. 
2340. Center highway E. and W. called " state road. " It is also line between 

Conneaut and Monroe townships in Ohio. Highway on state line begins. 

This place is called " State Line Corners. " Ground falls gently S. 
3200. Flat land begins. 

3455. Center of branch of Ashtabula creek, 20 feet wide; flows westward. 

Stream is very sluggish and heads not far east in a swamp. 
4798. Stone at farm-corners in Ohio. 

6. 0. 6th m. mDt. — in highway at W. side of ditch; open fields all directions. 

Index stands on monument, and all marks accordingly. Soil, dry yellow 
loam and hard pan. Ground nearly level in all directions, but rises N. 
5 feet in 450 feet to summit of swell running N. E. and S. W. North 
half of 6th mile occupied by ridge ; S. half shallow valley. 
725. Little run, drains W. 

2270. Open level country E. and W. 

3580. School-house E. 

3712. Center highway E. called " Albion road. " 
5035. Center highway W. 

7. 0. 7th m. mnt. — at W. side highway in W. fence, open fields all directions. 

Index stands on monument, and marked to correspond. Soil dry and 
loamy. Ground nearly level in all directions ; no natural features for 



— 31 — 



Miles. Feet. 

reference. 7th mile, the land is very little rolling and rising slightly- 
southward. 
2425. Center highway W. 

2460. Church at W. side highway (United Brethren). 
3515. Kun comes from swamp, flows W. 

4300. About the summit of low gradual swell, rising slightly all the way from 
branch of Ashtabula creek. 

8. 0. 8th m. mnt. — in highway in middle of wheel track, broad level fields all 

around. Monument is buried on the state line 2 feet underground, 
and marked on top with a -f (cross). Index stands 25 feet east, 1 foot 
above ground, 2 feet 6 inches above monument, and marked thus: 
north side, 8 M. ; east side, P. ; west side, 25 F. ; south side, 1881. Loca- 
tion rather wet, soil black loam and stiff blue clay. Ground falls S. 
about 30 feet per mile, rises N. 3 feet in 500 feet to margin of slightly 
higher level. This point is visible from ridge at 5 miles 1517 feet. 

2023. Stone at corner Erie and Crawford counties in Pennsylvania. It is a 
granite boulder 1 foot under ground in wheel track of highway, and is 
two feet West of the s*ate line. 

2400. Highway W. 

3300. Little sluggish run, draining W.; ground very flat. 
3950. Center highway E. 
4922. Station for observing the meridian. 
Latitude, 41° 50' 36."0. 

Mag. var., 2°35 / W., Oct. 4, 1879, 10:15 A. M. 

9. 0. 9th m. mnt. — at N. margin of heavy forest reaching southward %\ miles. 

Mile point is in middle of highway, but little traveled. Monument 

buried on state line 18 inches under present surface, and marked on top 

with the customary -f (cross). Index stands 25 feet West, and is accord- 

P 

ingly marked thus : north side, 9 M. ; east side, 25 F. ; west side, O. ; 
south side, 1881. Soil wet, vegetable mold overlying hard blue clay ; 
country E, and W. very flat ; N. rises 30 feet per mile, S. nearly level or 
trifle descending into swampy country. 
300. Traveled highway ends, except a mere track in the woods. 
3000. Dry knoll. 

3300. Open track ends, thick brush and swampy land begins. 

10. 0. 10th m. mnt. — in heavy forest. Monument 18 inches under ground ; 

index stands 25 feet East, and marked in accordance with its position. 
Location very wet ; soil black muck and blue clay. Ground level and 
swampy in all directions, but falling a few feet per mile southward. 
2111. Stake at farm line in Pennsylvania. 

2540. Center newly built, highway leading W. — road on state line begins. 
2850. Center highway E. — road on state line ends — ditches of this highway 

are nearly full of water draining W. 
3500. Ground rises slightly S. and becomes less wet. 

11. 0. 11th m. mnt. — in thick beech and oak forest. The original vista is here 

plainly distinct. Monument buried on boundary ; index stands 25 feet 



— 32 — 



Miles. Feet. 

East and marked accordingly; soil wet, muck and slaty clay ; ground 
level E. and W., falls N. 15 feet in one-half mile, rises S. about same ; no 
definite features for reference. 

11. 0. Note. — It is the intention of the resident citizens to build a highway 

along the State line, through this forest, hence the index of mnts. 10 

and 11 were set to one side. 
1350. End of forest ; ground is passably dry, level open country toward the S. 
1395. Center highway E. called "Beaver Center" road highway on State line 

begins. 

2475. Brook 6 ft. wide— flows N. E. 
2570. Center highway W. 

12. 0. 12th m. mnt. — in highway, open fields all directions; mnt. 20 inches 

under surface of wheelway; index stands 25 feet East in road fence, and 

o 

marked on W. face 25 F.; other marks as usual; ground dry and loamy^ 
land nearly level in all directions, lying in low undulations. 

12. 0. Station for observing meridian. 

Lat., 41° 47' 53."3. 
Mag. var., 2° 28 / W., Oct. 5, 1879, 5:15 p. m. 
965. Note. — Old residents say that near this spot once stood an original mon- 
ument, marked P on east side and O on west side. It was years ago 
taken away and used in the foundation of a neighboring barn in Penn- 
sylvania. 

1750. Brook 4 ft. wide, flows N. E. —land rises S. 

2220. Line between Monroe and Pierpont townships in Ohio. 

3250. Center highway E. 

13. 0. 13th m. mnt. — in middle of highway, open fields all directions. Mnt. 20 

inches under surface of wheelway; index stands 25 feet east, and marked 

correspondingly. Soil, dry, loam and slaty yellow clay. Land level E. 

and W.; falls N. 25 ft. to corner of Monre township; rises S. 1 in 100. No 

natural features for reference. 
195. Center highway W. 
2700. Summit. Note — From 10m. 3000 ft. ground gradually rises southward 

to this summit. Were it not for intervening timber, the mnt. on ridge 

at "State Line Corners" would be visible. 
4000. Center depression, drainage E. 

14. 0. 13th m. mnt. — in middle of highway, open fields all directions. Mnt. is 

20 inches under surface of wheelway; index stands 25 feet East, and 
O 

marked on W. face 25 F.; other marks as usual. Soil, wet, dark loam and 
clay. Land immediately at mnt. is flat and wet— 1800 ft. E. is summit 
of low undulation. W. rises very slightly for 1500 ft. to a summit. N. 
rises gradually for J mile to a swampy land. 
1045- 1 5 - Stone in center of highway E. and W. called "Lieking Street." Stone 

is If feet East of the State line. Highway on State line ends. 
3315. State-line between Beaver and Conneaut townships in Pennsylvania. 
Land flat and wet. 



-33 — 



Miles. Feet. 

15. 0. 15th m. mnt.— in line fence, in woodland. Index stands on mnt; all 

marks in accordance; soil, dry yellow loam and hardpan. E. and W. 
land level; N. fall 1 in 100; S. rises same. S. 10° W. 250 feet is head of a 
swail, which circles around to the E. (forming a semi-circle of dry land 
on which mnt. stands) and connecting with level swaily land stretching 
away to the N. E. 
700. Summit of slight rise. 
2300. Center swail draining W. 

2550. S. margin woodland; ground rises S. in a gentle hill. 

5100. Center highway W. road on State line begins; road is wholly in Ohio. 

16. 0. 16th m. mnt— at E. side of highway, open fields all around. Index 

stands on mnt. Soil, dry sandy loam and clay. N. 70° E. 300 ft. is sum- 
mit of a short oval ridge 10 ft. high. N. ground level for 200 ft. then 
falls 1 in 50. A semi-circle of level land projects W. 250 ft., then pitches 
down onto lower level. In western horizon, high land beyond Ashtabula 
creek is visible. 
270. Center highway E. 
1395. Small run, draining W. 

2135. Ground suddenly rises southward onto higher level. 

17. 0. 17th m. mnt. — in highway at E. edge of road-bed, in open country. In- 

dex stands on mnt. and projects above ground 8 inches instead of one 
foot, as usual. All the marks of the mnt. are in accordance with the 
methods of marking set forth in note at first m. mnt. 900 ft. S. E. is 
summit cf ridge 18 ft. higher than mnt., and running southwesterly and 
ending in gravelly hillocks I mile in Ohio, and running north-easterly 
by an irregular line for a mile or more. Mnt. stands on a level spot on 
the north-western declivity of this ridge; ground continues to fall W. in 
gentle undulations into valley of Ashtabula creek. 

1286. Summit of ridge mentioned at 17m. This ridge is on the water-shed 
between the basin of lake Erie and the Ohio river valley. It is said to 
be underlaid with coarse yellow sandstone. The summit affords a view 
of 15 to 20 miles, and extending all around the horizon, except the N. E. 
ground falls rapidly S. 

1286. Station for observing the meridian. 

Lat., 41° 43' 22/ / 5. 
Mag. var., 2° 07' W.— Oct. 1, 1879, 5:15 p. m. 

1740. Center highway E. 

1763. Maple tree 15 inches diameter, 3 ft. east of State line, said to have been 
planted over a stone mounment, long regarded by neighboring commu- 
nity as marking the State line, though not claimed to be an original 
mnt. 

3619. Center highway E. and W. Also line between Pierpont and Richmond 

townships in Ohio. Pennsylvania Line village \ mile E. 
4430. Spring run, drains S. W. 

5050. Spring run, draining S. W , flows into Ashtabula creek. 

3 



\ 



— 34- 

Miles. Feet. 

18. 0. 18th m. mnt. — at E. side of highway; woods E., open land W. Index 
stands on mnt., rathe* 1 wet black soil. Ground level N. for 250 ft., rises 
E. 20 ft. in 600 to summit of N. and S. ridge; 8. ground level, falls W. 
12ft. in 300 to Spring run. 

1200. Level ground ends; land falls S. 

1540. Kun, in depression 10 ft. deep, flows W. 

3440. Highway >oa State line ends; farm line in Ohio. 

3600. Line crosses little run flowing S. E. 

3825. Line crosses same run flowing S. W. 

18. 4620. Boundary mnt. at end of seven-eighths mile, open fields E. and W. 

Mnt buried on State line and marked with the + (cross) ; index stands 
on mnt. and marked thus: N. face l&g- M., E. face P., W face O., S. face 
1881. Location dry, soil reddish loam, mingled with water- worn peb- 
bles and gravel. 1500 feet N. E. is a high ridge, whence the land falls 
south westwardly about 150 ft. per mile. It is composed of gravelly ridges, 
round and oblong knobs, on western shoulder of one of which knobs the 
mnt. stands. 

Note — The 19th mile point comes in a bog, therefore the mnt. is set 
back one-eighth mile, as described. 
4850. Farm line in Ohio. 

4900. N. margin of a shaking bog, covered with tamarack trees. 

19. 0. End of 19th mile, in bog, no mnt. 

Note. — This bog is elliptical in shape and contains about 65 acres, lying 
about equally in each State. It has two outlets, one draining W. into 
Ashtabula creek, and the other E. into Shenango river. Watershed be- 
tween Lake Erie and Ohio river crosses the State line in this bog, tend- 
ing to the S. W. 
835. Western outlet ot bog. 
1500. S. margin of bog. 

2470. Center highway W., road on State line begins. 
2720. Center highway E. — road on State line ends. 
2845. Small stream 700 ft. E.— outlet of bog at 19 m. 

20. 0. 20th m. mnt. — in fence line, in open fields at JN. margin of woods. Index 

on mnt. and marked accordingly. Soil, dry loam and clay. 800 ft. N. W. 
is summit of ridge running S.W. and flattening down to low land 1000 ft. 
in Pennsylvania. South ground level, N. falls 1 in 10 to margin of bog. 
Watershed ridge visible in the N. 

Mag. var., Dec 3., 1878. 
339. Farm line in Ohio. 
500. Land falls S. 
588. Farm line in Pennsylvania. 
1600. Brook 5 ft wide, flows E. 
2107. Farm line in Pennsylvania. 
2500. Swampy lands begins. 

4120. N. side slight rise in swamp, covered with a grove of hemlock. 
4600. Brook 7 ft. wide, flows E. into Shenango river. 



— 35 — 



Miles. Feet. 

4723. Stake — line between Conneaut and North Shenango townships in Pennsyl- 
vania. 

21. 0. 21st m. mnt. — in swampy woods all directions; mnt. 18 inches nnder 

ground with mound around index, which stands on mnt. and marked in 
accordance. Wet black muck and yellow clay ; ground flat in all direc- 
tions ; 700 ft. N. E. edge of dry land. 
625. Slight rise in swamp. 

2030. On a slight rise in swamp and covered with heavy hemlock timber. 

2140. Marshy brook, drains E. 

2404. Top of ridge bearing S. E. — it is 10 ft. higher than surrounding swamp. 

4600. S. margin of woods beginning at 20th mnt. 

4820. Center highway E. and W., called "Padan Aram" road. 

22. 0. 22d m. mnt. in open land, at east side of line fence. Index stands on 

mnt. and marked accordingly. Location dry ; soil, red sandy loam inter- 
mixed with water-worn gravel and pebbles. Land level with a general 
southeastern drainage into Shenango river. Marshy in all directions, 
except irregular gravelly areas that rise 5 to 10 ft. above general level of 
swamp. Mnt. stands on such an area, whose summit it 5 ft. higher than 
mnt., and 250 ft S. W.; 230 ft. N. a depression crosses State line, draining 
swamp in N. W. 
143. Station for observing meridian. 

Lat.,41° 39' 12." 9. 

Mag. var.. 1° 58 / W., Sept. 29, 1879, 12 m. 
585. Swamp begins. 

950. Middle of a dry island in swamp, containing two acres in Ohio and one 
in Pennsylvania. This island is thickly covered w T ith a grove of huge 
hemlock. The "vista" made in 1786 through this grove is distinctly 
apparent* The " vista " is here about 35 ft. wide, and the Scate bound- 
ary lies in the middle of it. 
• 1,000 Note. — Progress of survey arrested at this point Dec. 6, 1878. The 
" Shenango swamps " impassable at this date, extend southward 6 or 
7 miles. Survey resumed Jan. 15, 1879. 
1720. Mag. var., 1° 53' W. Jan. 15, 1879, 9 A. M. 
3000. Black ash timber. 

3850. Dryer ground begins, 5 ft. above swamp. 

4500. Summit of area of dry ground, covered with heavy hemlock forests. 

23. 0. Terminus 23 mile in a boggy swamp. No monument set. 
590. Beginning of slight rise. 

23. 660. Terminus one-eighth mile — boundary mnt. set. Index stands on mnt. 

and marked thus : N. face 23£ M, E face P, W. face O, S. face 1881. Soil is 
gravelly sand changing to quicksand. Site of mnt. is 3 ft. above sw mp ; 
it stands on the N. margin of an area of dryer land projecting into Ohio 
from Pennsylvania. 
2350. Dryer land ends, swamp begins. 

5011. Ground rises 8 feet above swamp and becomes dryer. 



— 36 - 



Miles Feet. 

24. 8. 24th m. mnt. — opening in forest on the W. Index stands on mnt., and 

marked accordingly. Mound of earth around index 1 ft. high, 12 ft. 

diameter. Surface dry but turning to quicksand. Mnt. stands on foun 

dation of logs bedded in the quicksand. 
90. Brook 3 ft. wide, comes from N. W. and drains sluggishly into Shenango 

river ; such brooks or bayous go straggling through the country in all 

directions. 
1700. N. W. end of low ridge. 
1988. Corner of land in Ohio. 
2780. Margin of Shenango river bottoms. 
4500. End of wood. 

25. 0. 25th m. mnt.— in Shenango river bottoms; usually overflowed. Index 

stands on mnt. and marked to correspond. Soil, muck, but mnt. rests on 
clay. 

495. Station for observing the meridian. 

Lat,, 41° 36' 32/ / 9. 
Mag. var., 1° 30' W., Sept. 29, 1879, 7:15 P.M. 
500. Center highway E. and W. Bridge over Shenango river, 400 feet E. 
2875. N. bank Shenango river. 

2985. S. bank Shenango river; river runs 100 feet into Ohio, and at — 
3125. N. bank of river. ■ 

3190. S. bank ol river ; it runs 80 feet into Pennsylvania, and at — 
3240. N. bank of river. 

3280. iS. bank of river, and flows S. W. into Ohio. 

26. 0. 26th m. mnt. — in heavy woods, in line fence, and on E. side Shenango 

river. Index stands on mnt. and marked accordingly. Soil, dry, sandy 
clay. Mnt. stands about 500 feet from the river on the N. W. margin of 
a tongue-shaped swell of dry land, around which the river flows, on a 
4-foot lower level. 
500. Corner of farm in Pennsylvania. 
890. N. bank Shenango river. 

1110. S. bank Shenango river; flows S. E. into Pennsylvania. Land rises S. 
and becomes dryer. 

4270. Pine grove ; old vista w 7 ell defined. 

5150. Corner of land in Pennsylvania. 

27. 0. 27th m. mnt.— ground boggy and unsuitable for sustaining mnt. 

None set. 

27. 264. Terminus, one-twentieth mile, in line fence, forest in all directions. Set 
mnt. on line and two feet underground, marked on top with a + (cross); 
index stands on mnt. and marked thus : N. face 264^ E. face P, W. face 
O, S. face 1881. Soil, dry, clayey loam, stands on a slight rise in 
swamp. 
384. Boggy brook, drains E. 

610. (Apx.) line between North Shenango and South Shenango townships in 
Pennsylvania. 
1575. Farm line in Pennsylvania, ground rises S. 



» 



— 37 — 

Miles. Feet. 

2560. Brook 6 feet wide, flows E. 

3500. Woods end. 

3700. Swampy brook, flows E. 

3800. In clear land, open country, visible E. and W. Shenango river, 1,200 feet 

E., flows in a well defined valley. 
4621. Note. — At this point the worst of the swamp is passed. Accordingly, on 

Jan. 21, 1879, work was suspended for the winter. Survey resumed 

April 1, 1879. 

27. 4621. Station for observing the meridian. 

Lat., 41° 34' 07/ / 8. 
4820. Farm line in Ohio. 

28. 0. 28th m. mnt. — in woods E. and W., stands in line fence. Index stands 

on mnt. and marked in accordance. Mound around index; soil, wet, 
stiff clay. Land swampy, and nearly level N. and S., rises W. 1 in 100 
for a mile or more. Falls gently E. to Shenango river. 
120. Brook 5 feet wide, drains E. 

28. 420. Farm line in Ohio. 
1308. Farm line in Ohio. 
1500. Swampy run, flows E. 
2264. Farm line in Ohio. 
2560. Farm line in Ohio. 

4280. First crossing of Mill creek, 12 feet wide. 
4340. Second crossing of Mill creek. 
4450. Third " flows north-easterly. 

4800. Land rises 10 feet, and becomes dry. 

29. 0. 29th m. mnt. — in line fence — in woodland. Index stands on mnt. and 

marked to correspond. Soil, dry loam and clay. S. 40° E., 350 feet, is 
an elevation 5 feet higher than mnt., which is the the last of a series of 
little ridges coming in from S. E. From said summit, ground falls in all 
directions into swampy land. E., and also W., 150 feet is margin of 
swamp. Valley of Shenango river has become well defined, and the 
swamp lands are passed. 

180. summit, ground falls slighly into wet land. 

700. Highway E. and W. 
3060. Farm line in Ohio— ground rises S. 
4140. Dry, open country. 

30. 0. 30th m. mnt. — in line fence — woods E., fields W. Index stands on mnt., 

marked in accordance. Soil, black loam and clay. N. ground level; W. 
rises 80 feet per mile ; S. rises slightly ; S. E. 300 feet ; little alder swamp 
draining northerly, 100 feet E. of mnt. 
366. Summit. 
30. 906. Station for observing meridian. 

Lat., 41° 32' 08."0. 
Mag. var., 1° 32 / W., Sept 25, 1879, 12:15 M. 
970. Center of highway, E. and W. 
1500. " French Kun," 10 feet wide, flows E. 
2370. Brook 6 feet wide, flows E. 



— 38 — 



Feet, 

4000. Ashtabula & Franklin Railroad— runs N. E. and S. W. 

31. 0. 31st m. runt. — 6 feet W. — of line fence — in open country. Index stands 

on mnt. and marked according to rule. Dry, black soil. Land N. and S* 
very nearly level for one-half mile each way. W. rises 50 feet per mile ; 
E. falls same. No distinct natural features for reference. 

1075. Farm line in Ohio. 

1335. Run 3 feet wide, drains E. 

1680. Center of highway, E. and W. 

32. 0. 32nd m. mnt. — in line fence — open country. Nov. 21, 1881, set mnt. 2 

feet under ground as usual, and marked on top with + (cross). Index 
stands on mnt. and marked thus : North face A ngle> east ^ ace P» west 
face 0, south face 1881. Soil, dry, yellow loam and clay. Mnt. stands 
on N. W. slope of low ridge, whose summit is 800 feet S. 35° E. Land 
level for 300 feet E., then with a gradually increasing descent falls into 
Shenango valley. S. 10° W., 350 feet is head of depression, which gradu- 
ally deepening, circles around 200 feet W., crossing state line 370 feet N., 
and continues N. E. 

Note. — At this mnt. occurs the first angle in the restored boundarv, the 
angle being 6.25 seconds of arc. From the 32nd mile mnt. northward 
the bearing of the boundary is west of true north one and eighty-five 
hundredth feet per mile ; from the same point southward, the bearing of 
the boundary is east of true south one and sixty-nine hundredth feet 
per mile 

The geographic position of 32d mile monument is — 
Latitude, 41° 30" 22. // 6. 
Longitude, 80° 31' 17. "40 W. 
348. Origiaal monument of 1786, called "Brown Monument." Being in 
place it was made a governing point in the restoration of the " old line. " 
It is an egg-shaped granite boulder about 3x4 feet in size, and weighing 
about 1 % tons, and is almost wholly above ground. It bears the original 
mark a large letter P. on the sloping east face. 
600. Low summit. 
1124. Farm line in Ohio. 

1400. Farm line in Pennsjdvania ; land falls gently S. 
2897. Line between Ashtabula and Trumbull counties in Ohio. 
4730. Center highway E. and W. — small settlement at this place in Pennsyl- 
vania, called Royalton. 

33. 0. 33rd m. mnt. — in line fence — open land all around. Index stands on 

mnt., marked thus: N. face 33 M, E. face P, W. face O, S. face 1881. 

Soil, dry loamy clay. Ground in all directions nearly level, sloping a 

little to the E.; mnt. stands 50 feet S. of summit of a slight swell in the 

ground projecting across state line from the W. 
1365. Line between Crawford and Mercer counties in Pennsylvania. Ground 

falls slightly southward. 
5080. Farm line in Pennsylvania. 



— 39- 

Miles. Feet. 

34. 0. 34th m. mnt. — in wood-land. Index stands on mnt., marked according 

to rule. Soil, dry yellow loam and hardpan. Ground nearly level for 

one-half mile or more in all directions. In immediate vicinity of mnt. 

ground falls S. W. 1 in 100. No distinct natural features. 
625. Remains of large chestnut stumps on state line. Trees were probably 

cut in 1786. 
700. Farm line in Pennsylvania. 
2170. Farm line in Ohio. 

2985. Farm line in 1 'ennsylvania — land rises S. 
3170. Farm line in Ohio. 
3820. Fa'm line in Ohio. 

35. 0. 35th m. mnt.— in line fence — in open land. Index on mnt., and marked 

accordingly. Soil, dry yellow loam. General slope of country from S. 
W. to N. E., about 80 feet per mile. Mnt. stands on north-eastern slope 
of a low undulation crossing line from S. W., and flattening out 400 feet 
N. E. ; 300 feet N. a slight depression crosses line. 
487. Center highway E. and W. called "Kinsman Center" road; also called 
Meadville and Warren state road. Highway on state line begins. 
Note. — An old settler living here, says that when he first came here, 51 
years ago, the vista was plainly visible as far "as the eye could carry, 
and appeared to be exactly straight for miles in both directions." 

1451. Station for observing meridian. 

Lat., 41° 27' 41 ."7. 

2250. Wet, flat land begins. 

2470. Farm line in Pennsylvania. 

4700. Flat land ends, land gradually rises S. 

4812. Farm line in Ohio. 

36. 0. 36th m. mnt. — at W. side of highway — wood-land W. ; open fields E. 

Index stands on mnt., and marked on N. face 36 M, and other marks as 
usual. See note under first m. mnt. 
105. Center highway E. — leads to Jamestown, Pa. 
2220. Center highway W. 

3127. Line between Greene and West Salem townships in Pennsylvania. A 

beech tree, 26 inches in diameter, marks the township line. 
3340. Summit of gradual swell. 
4552. Center highway E. and W. 

37. 0. 37th m. mnt. — at west side of highway in open land. Index stands on 

mnt., and marked in accordance. Wet clayey soil. Mnt. stands on level 
summit of a tract of table land, which is nearly or quite as high as any 
between Pymatuning creek and Shenango river. Stands at the southern 
margin of an area slightly sunken, which drains through a little depres- 
sion in the N. W. 
1200. Land falls southward. 

1959. Center highway E. and W., called " Mossmantown " road. Highway on 

state line ends. 
2450. Center brook 10 feet wide, flows west. 



— 40 — 



Miles. Feet. 

2888. High land, visible 10 to 15 miles west. 

3826. Line between Kinsman and Vernon townships in Ohio. 

4535. Farm line in Pennsylvania. 

38. 0. 38th m. mnt. — 7 feet west of line fence — woods W. — fields E. Index on 

mnt., with corresponding marks. Soil, dry and loamy. S. 70° W. 800 
feet, land rises slightly to a summit said to be 350 feet above Shenango 
and Pymatuning valleys. Toward the E., W. and S. is a very extended 
view of a country entirely different from anything yet passed, the 
valleys being deeper and the hills much higher. 
300. Summit 3 feei higher than mnt. ; ground descends rapidly south. 

1175. Center highway E. — road on state line begins. 

1430. Center highway W. — road on state line ends. 

3400. Note. — About 80 rods E. of this point is a quarry of sandstane, being 

first outcrop of sandstone seen on the line. 
4323. Farm line in Ohio — low ground. 

39. 0. 39th m. mnt. — in line fence — in wood-land. Index stands on mnt., and 

marked as usual. Dry, yellow loam and clay. Ground falls 1 in 30 from 
a point S. 30° E , towards N. 30° W. The wood-land at this place is a 
remnant of the primitive forest. Old vista is very distinct, the state line 
traversing the middle of it. 
500. Farm line in Pennsylvania. 

572. Center highway E. and W., called " Vernon " road. 

944. Summit of a ridge, which sweeps around into Pennsylvania by irregular 
elevations, and joins the high promontory at 38 miles. 

3020. Original monument of 1786, called " Clark Monument," It is a granite 
boulder somewhat roughly hewed, being about 10x28 inches in size. 
Some 14 years ago it was taken up "to get it out of the way of a sled track"; 
about 3 or 4 years afterwards was reset " in the old hole" by adjoining 
landowners. It was moved If feet W. and reset on the restored boundary. 

3240. Brook 6 feet wide, flows E. 

4340. Farm line in Ohio. 

40. 0. 40th m. mnt, — in line fence; woods E., fields W. Index stands on mnt., 

marked according to rule. Dry, yellow loam. 1100 feet W. summit of 
ridge 20 feet higher than mnt., whence land slopes uniformly down 
past mnt. to Lowhead run. 
Ground rises S. 1 in 60. 
1000. Ground level S. 

1538. Highway E. and W. Eoad on State line begins. 
3490. Little brook, flows E. 
4280. Center highway W. 

41. 0. 41st m. mnt. — in cleared land in highway near west side of road-bed. 

Mnt. 2 ft. under ground and 5 ft. 2 inches below top of index. Index 

stands twenty-five feet east and marked thus: N. face 41 M, W. face 25 
F., S. face 1881, E. face P. 

Mnt. stands on northeastern declivity of the high ridge separating the 
valleys of Booth run and Pymatuning creek. N. 30° E. 275 feet, is head 
of a gully making N. E. Land rises S. 



— 41 — 



Mile's. Feet. 

1777. Boundary mnt. on summit of Trautman hill. Index stand on mnt., and 

is marked on the N. side with the initials of the Boundary Commission; 

marks on other sides as usual. Trautman hill is a high promontory 

overlooking Pymatuning valley toward the S. 
1779. Center highway E. 

Station for observing meridian. 

Lat., 41° 22' 25/ 7 4. 

Mag. var., 1° 5V W., Sept. 21, 1879, 2:15 P.M. 
2050. Beginning of descent. Beautiful view of valleys in the south-east. 
2883. Hill slopes southward 4° 58/ 
4275. Small brook, flows S. W. down over hillside. 

42. 0. 42nd m. mnt. — at W. side of highway on the slope of Trautman hill; 

open fields E. and W. Index on mnt., marked accordingly. Soil, stony 
material brought down from higher parts of the hill. 

66. White wood stump 20 feet W., cut several years ago, and showing dis- 
tinct marks of a partial girdling about 90 grains from the surface. 

75. Base of Trautman hill and margin of level land ; base of hill bears N. 60° 
W. and S. 60° E. 
510. Center of highway E. and W. 

43. 0. 43rd m. mnt. — in middle of highway ; open fields E. and W. Mnt. 2 feet 

under surface of wheelway, 5 feet 7 inches below top of index. Index 
stands 25 feet east, and marked on W. face 25 ° F ; other marks as usual. 
Dry, sandy soil. Land in all directions generally level, but covered with 
abrupt gravelly hillocks. Mnt. stands on W. end of such a hillock. N. 
50 feet is margin of a little swamp in Pennsylvania, which drains around 
W. end of hillock, crossing state line 275 feet S. 
75. Summit 4 feet higher than mnt. 

1868. Street E. and W. Village of Orangeville begins. 

2591. N. line McFarland Hotel. 

2865. Middle of Pymatuning creek, 100 feet wide, flows S. E. 
3200. End of level land ; ground rises S. 

3915. New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad ; runs N. 78° E., S. 78° W. 
4000. Steep hill begins. 

44. 0. 44th m. mnt. — in middle of highway; open country in all directions. 

Mnt. under road-bed. Index stands 25 feet east, and marked thus: N. 
face 44 M, E. face P, W. face 2 5°f> ®. face 1881. Ground nearly level 
E. and W. 8 feet N. is a sewer-pipe culvert, through which drains a 
little run going down over hill to the N. E., in which direction is an 
extended view of Pymatuning valley. Land rises gently S. to still 
higher levels. 

Mag. var., N. 1° 56 / W., Dec. 4, 1881, 11 A.M. 
3500. Center highway E. 

45. 0. 45th m. mnt. — in middle of highway in open country. Mnt. under 

middle of road-bed. Index stands 25 feet east, 7 feet higher than mnt., 
and marked on W. face 25 °f I other marks as usual. Site of mnt. is on N. 



— 42 — 



Miles. Feet. 

slope of little valley, and about 10 feet below general level of country, 
which is nearly level in all directions. 
Mag. var., 1° 50 / W., Dec. 4, 1881, 3 P.M. 
185. Brook 6 feet wide, flows E. 
2750. Center highway E. and W. 

2790. Center highway leading S. E. to Sharps ville, Pa. 

3800. Note. — Original monument once stood at or near this place. In 1828 it 
was hauled away and built into the foundation of a barn. In 1881 the 
letter P was discovered engraved upon one side of it. It was a granite 
boulder, weighing 1J tons. Now lies in a pile of similar boulders lying 
500 feet S. E. 

4905. Brook 10 feet wide, flows east through a valley 20 feet below general 
level. 

46. 0. 46th m. mnt. — at west side of highway in open country. Index stands 

on mnt., marked accordingly. Loamy soil. Monument stands at the 
general level of country on the summit of a ridge. Land, high, dry and 
level, sloping slightly eastward. 
Mag. var., 1° 56' W., Dec. 5, 1881, 11 A.M. 
650. Run 3 feet wide, flows E. 
2150. Run 2 feet wide, flows E. 

47. 0. 47th m. mnt. — at W. side of highway in open country. Index stands on 

mnt., marked as usual. Location dry. Site of mnt. is on north-eastern 
declivity of ridge. Ground falls N. 1 in 30 for one-fourth mile, rises S. 1 
in 30. 

Mag; var., 1° 51' W., Dec. 5, 1881, 4 P.M. 
35. Center of highway west. 
2717.4. Summit of ridge called Clark's hill. Boundary mnt. 2 feet under wheel- 
way. Index stands 25 feet east, and marked thus : E. face P, W. face 
25 ° F , S. face 1881, N. face blank. Clark's hill and Trautman hill are 
inter-visible. 

47. 2717.4. Station for observing meridian. 

Lat., 41° ir Q3."l. 
Mag. var., 1° 42' W., Sept. 17, 1879, 1 P.M. 
4670. Center of highway E. and W. 

48. 0. 48th m. mnt. — in middle highway under road-bed ; in open country. 

Index stands 25 feet east, and marked accordingly. See note under 1st 
m. mnt. General slope of country from N. E. to S. W. Mnt. stands on 
S. slope of a gully 4 feet deep and 60 feet wide, heading in N. E. and 
bearing S. W. into a deep and ragged gully, called Big Run. 

1105. Line between Hartford and Brookfield townships in Ohio. 

1775. Brow of Big Run ravine. 

2270. Big Run 15 feet wide ; bends around into Pennsylvania 150 feet, and at — 

2830. Crosses into Ohio 100 feet, and at— 

3330. Recrosses into Pennsylvania, bearing S. E. 

3200. Highway leaves state line, going S. E. 



— 43—, 



Miles. Feet. 

3500. Foot of bluff 70 feet high. State line runs southward over spurs of this 

bluff, and at — 
4166. Regains high ground. 

4286. Brook 6 feet wide, flows S. E. in deep gully. 
5100. N. brow of ravine 40 feet deep. 
5260. S. brow of ravine. 

49. 0. 49th m. mnt. — in line fence in open land on high hillside, 175 feet above 

Shenango river. Index stands on mnt., and marked accordingly. Site 
of mnt. is on S. E. brink of ravine 40 feet deep, bearing easterly into Big 
Run. Ground rises S. 1 in 15. 
515. Run ; flows E. in gully 25 feet deep. 

1340. Sharp crest of bluff between two gullies bearing E. 

2575. Run 3 feet wide, flows E. 

3640. Village of Sharpsville, visible in valley to N. E. 
3700. Run, flows E. 
4560. Run, flows E. 

4730. Center highway E. and W. t 

50. 0. 50th m. mnt. — in open country near summit of hills bounding Shenango 

river valley. Index stands on mnt., and marked in accordance. Its 
position is on N. slope of a little gully 6 feet deep and 50 feet wide, com- 
ing down from W. and turning to N. 60° E., going down over hillside. 

1382. Center of street E. and W. 

2525. Middle of wheel-house at the Curtis coal bank. 

3610. City of Sharon is in full view, lying in the valley below to the E. 

4983. N. line of State street. 

5053. S. line of State street. 

51. 0. 51st m. mnt. — in cleared ground overlooking city of Sharon. Dry stony 

soil. Index stands on mnt., marked accordingly. Mnt. stands on brow 
of "West Hill" about 40 feet below summit of same, and about 200 feet 
above Shenango river. 
110. S. line of street leading E. 
462. Station for observing meridian. 

Lat„ 41° W 56."7. 
Mag. var., 1° 47' W., Oct. 24, 1879, 4 P.M. 
1008. S. line street leading W. 
1175. N. line street leading E. 
1350. Street on state line ends. 
2700. On flat ground ; base of West Hill. 
4300. Highway leading N. E. ; road on state line begins. 
4560. N. line highway E. and W. ; road on state line ends. 
4600. Brow of bluff. 

4831. Railroad— Mahoning branch of .N. Y., P. & 0. R. R. 

4847. N. bank of Shenango river. 

5155. S. bank of Shenango river, flows S. W. 

52. 0. 52nd m. mnt. — in Shenango river bottoms. Index stands on mnt., 



— 44- 



Miles. Feet. 

marked accordingly. Soil alluvial. Mnt. stands on E. side of river 120 

feet from bank. 
1025. Eiver bank, 15 feet W. 
1500. Left river bank. 
1600. State line is in the river. 
1660. Left bank, 10 feet W. 
2100. Mouth of Yankee run 400 feet W. 
2570. N. river bank. 

2774. On bridge of Wheatland coal railroad. 

2775. S. bank Shenango river, flows S. E. ' 

3120. Middle of Little Yankee run, 30 feet wide, flows E. 
3140. Top of bluff, 20 feet high, 

3275. Center highway E. and W. ; road on state line begins; base of "South 
Hill." 

4500. Summit South Hill — about level with 51st m. mnt. 
4855. Station for observing meridian. 

Lat., 41° 12' 21. "1. 
Magyar., 1° 38' W., Oct. 23, 1879, 10:30 A.M. 

53. 0. 53rd m. mnt. — middle of highway in open country. Mnt. under middle 

of road-bed. Index stands 25 feet east, and marked according to regula- 
tion. Dry, loamy clay. Mnt. stands on S. W. declivity of a ridge whose 
crest is 600 feet N. E. Ground falls S. 
Mag. var., 1° 49' W., Dec. 18, 1881, 8 A.M. 
142. Line between Brookfield and Hubbard townships in Ohio. 

1553. Center highway leading E. to Wheatland village. 

3163. Summit at N. side of valley. 

3450. Center highway W. 

4500. Eun, 2 feet wide, drains E. 

4900. Brow of ravine. 

5030. Brook 5 feet wide, flows E. 

5200. Bottom of bluff 40 feet high ; road crooks to the W. 
5240. Top of bluff. 

54. 0. 54th m. mnt. — at E. side of highway on W. slope of a knob, in open 

ground. Index stands on mnt., and bears the regular marks. Location 
dry. Knob on which mnt. stands forms part of the S. slope of an 
irregular valley with flat bottom and steep sides, 30 feet deep and 325 
feet wide. A small lateral valley comes down from S., making around 
W. end of knob on which mnt. stands. Country rough and irregular. 
80. Highway leaves state line, following around margin of the valley to the 
E., and at — 

1860. Comes onto state line again on high ground. 
2900. Outcrop of coal. 
3240. Center highway W. 

3595. High summit. " Clark's" hill visible at 47 miles 2,717 feet. 

Note. — On this summit once stood an original monument, now displaced. 
In 1878 a granite boulder was discovered 1 foot under ground, which 



— 45 — 



Miles. Feet. 

seemed to bear some artificial mark, but if it was the letter P it had been 
worn with wheels beyond recognition. The spot where the stone lay is, 
however, on the restored boundary. 

55. 0. 55th m. mnt.— in open country, in W. ditch of highway. Index stands 

on mnt., and marked as usual, being also protected by a paving of 
boulders. Site of mnt. is on north-western slope of a gentle declivity, 
the contours of which sweep around in a circular arc towards the N., 
enclosing a shallow hollow draining N. E. 
200. Highway leaves state line, bearing S. E. 

1040. Center highway E. and W. 

1800. Summit. 

2000. Ground slopes gently S. 
3740. Eun, 2 feet wide, drains W. 
4475. Extended view towards the W. 

4790. Center highway E. and W. ; leads westerly to Hubbard village. 

56. 0. 56th m. mnt. — in N. E. corner of wood-land, 4 feet W. of line fence. In- 

dex stands on mnt., and bears the regular marks. Soil is dry and stony. 
Mnt. stands on north-eastern slopes of Little I >eer creek valley. 100 feet 
S. W. ground falls off quite abruptly. Country rolling, with many steep 
declivities. Ground falls S. 
1135. Farm line in Ohio, and also in Pennsylvania. 

1410. A large white oak, which stood within the limits of the old "vista," was 
partially girdled in 1786, as is distinctly shown on the new rails lately 
made out of the tree. 

3420. Little Deer creek, 15 feet wide, flows N. W. 

5000. S. margin Little Deer creek bottoms ; base of low bluffs. 

5084. Highway ; leads W. Road on state line begins. 

57. 0. 57th m. mnt. — at W. side highway, in clear land. Index on mnt., and 

bears the regular marks. Dry, loamy soil. Mnt. stands on a level spot 
on top of the low bluffs that bound the south-western margin of Little 
Deer creek valley, and about 20 feet above the same. E., ground level 
for 30 feet, then falls away to level of bottoms. W., ground level for 20 
feet, then rists in irregular undulations. S., rises gently to base of hill. 
540. Center highway E. Road on srate line ends. 

900. Base of steep hill, jutting out eastward into Little Deer creek valley. 
1350. Summit of steep hill; ground falls gently S. 
2350. Center highway E. and W. 
2840. Farm line in Pennsylvania. 

3140. Little Deer creek, flows E. ; lies in deep gully of tri-angular cross-section. 
4120. Farm line in Pennsylvania. 

4325. Line between Trumbull and Mahoning counties in Ohio. 

58. 0. 58th m. mnt. — in dry, cleared land, and 15 feet W. of line fence. Stands 

on north-eastern declivity of a high swell 180 feet above Deer creek. 
Other similar hills or broad undulations are visible N. and E. 300 feet 
S. W. and 10 feet above mnt. is margin of high, level country in S., S. W. 
and W. Index stands on mnt., and is marked in the regular way. 



- 46 - 



Miles. Feet. 

620. S. W. corner of original 400-acre tract in Pennsylvania. 

1190. Brook 3 feet wide, flows E. in ravine 35 feet deep. 

2182. Line between Mercer and Lawrence counties in Pennsylvania. 

3557. Center highway N. W. ; road on state line begins. 

4025. Center highway W. 

Stone — long regarded by many of residents in the vicinity as marking 
the state line ; stands \\ feet west of restored boundary. 

4175. Center highway E. 

4570. Summit of low swell. 

5139. Station for observing meridian. 

Lat., 41° 07' 04. // 4. 
Mag. var., 1° 47' W., (Jet. 18, 1879, 4 P.M. 

59. 0. 59th m. runt. — at W. side of highway in open fields. Index stands on 

mnt., and all marks are in accordance. Dry, loamy soil. Ground level 
S. and E. for 800 feet ; N. rises slightly about 1 in 50 ; W. rises a trifle, 
and continues level. Mnt. stands on a high plateau country, extending 
southward to the Mahoning river valley. Eanges of hills E. of the 
Shenango valley are visible. Highway leaves state line, leading S. E. 

1300. Wet ground. 

2940. Summit of low swell. 

3965. Center highway W. 

4000. Center highway E. 

4235. Wet ground. 

60. 0. 60th m. mnt. — in line fence, N. margin of wood-land. Dry, sandy soil. 

Index stands on mnt., and marked in accordance. S. 80° W. 100 feet is 

the center of a circular swamp — hole 60 feet in diameter draining S. E. 

High plateau country between Mahoning and Shenango rivers. 
1415. Point where an original monument stood 35 years ago ; has since been 

removed, and is now in the foundation of a log-house near by. 
1550. Center highway E. and W. ; road on state line begins, but not now 

traveled. 

3267. Summit of narrow ridge, on water-shed between Mahoning and Shenango 
rivers. 

Mag. var. "in 1786 was — 
3950. Center highway E. and W ; leads E. to New Bedford village, and W. to 
Youn^stown, O. 

61. 0. 61st m. mnt. — at W. side of highway, in open land. Index stands on 

mnt, and marked accordingly. Dry, loamy soil and stony clay. Mnt. 
stands on a level spot, extending 300 feet S. and 25 feet N., on the 
northern slope of a shallow basin inclosing headwaters of Coffee Run. 

1060. Brook, 5 feet wide, flows E. 

3460. S. margin of a broad, low depression. 

62. 0. 62nd m. mnt. — in highway : n open land; James D. Smith's land east; 

Wm. Shehy west. Set boundary monument Dec. 15, 1881; it is 2 feet 
under ground, the usual depth of all the mnts., and marked on upper face 
with a -+- (cross). Index stands 25 feet west, and marked thus: N. face 



— 47 — 



Miles. Feet. 

ANGLE' E. face 25 P f, W. face 0, S. face 1881. Location, dry; yellow loam 
and clay soil. Its position is on a peninsula of land 8 to 10 feet above 
general level, and surrounded in all directions, except S. W., by lower 
land at a distance of 200 to 500 feet. 

Note. — At this monument occurs the second angle in the restored 
boundary, the angle being sixty-six seconds of arc. From the 62nd m. 
mnt. the bearing of the boundary is west of the true north, one and 
sixty-nine hundredths ieet per mile. From the same point southward 
the boundary is a true meridian. The geographic position of the 62nd 
m. mnt. is — 

Lat., 41° 04' 27. // 4. 
Long., 80° 31' 16/'7 W. 
325. Center highway E. 

650. Center highway W. ; road on state line ends. 
900. Station for observing the meridian. 

Lat., 41° 04' 18/'5. 
Mag. var., 1° 52' W., Oct. 20, 1879, 5:45 P.M. 
1560. Original monument of 1786 now called "Shehy Monument." It is a 
roughly dressed sandstone, 10x16x35 inches in size. About 35 years ago 
the adjoining landowners removed it 100 feet south of its original posi- 
tion, and reset it on their common farm-corner, where it was standing 
in 1881. It was moved 9 inches east and reset on the restored boundary. 
2330. Run, 2 feet wide, drains E. 
3490. Center highway E. and W. 
3840. Eun, 2 feet wide, drains E. 

4108. Line between Coitsville and Poland townships in Ohio. 

63. 0. 63rd m. mnt. — wood land E., fields W. Index on mnt., and marked 

accordingly; rather wet, clay soil. Stands on high plateau between 
Mahoning and Shenango rivers, on the E. margin of slight depression, 
draining to N. E. through a narrow depression 300 feet N. Ground rises 
E. 5 feet in 150 feet to slight summit. S. rises 1 in 20. 
685. Summit. 

2220. Center highway E. and W., called "New Castle and Youngstown" road. 
Ground rises gently S. 

4973. Summit. 

64. 0. 64th m. mnt. — in line fence ; wood-land W., open fields E. Index stands 

on mnt., and bears the regular marks. Ground level E. and W., and 
highest country in this region. Site of mnt. is on very outer brim or 
highest contour of Mahoning river valley, at nearly the same elevation 
as highest land on S. side of river. 
550. Ground falls S. in rapid undulations. 

1797. Fine view of Mahoning river gorge. 

2000. Brow of rapid descent S. 

3300. Dry, rocky lateral gully. 

3944. (Approximate) mnt. — set to mark the line in the Mahoning river valley. 



— 48 — 



Miles. Feet. 

Index stands on mnt., and both are marked as usual, except that N. face 
of index is left blank. It stands at the N. side of highway, and at the 
base of the river hills, at a place where the land falls S. about 1 in 15, 
and about 20 feet above the river plain. 

3960. Center highway following the river side. 

4100. N. margin of river plain. 

4418. Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad— runs N. 81° W. 
4725. Old Pennsylvania and Ohio canal, now abandoned. 
4795. N. bank Mahoning river. 

5108. S. bank Mahoning river, flows southeasterly ; lies in a narrow valley 
about 300 feet below the general level of the country. 

5127. Ashtabula and Pittsburgh Railroad. 

5245. Margin of river plain — base of bluffs. 
65. 0. Terminus of 65th mile; on the side of steep bluffs; no mnt. set; spot 
not suitable. 

365. Top of first line of bluffs, 150 feet above river. 
800. Top of second bluffs. 

1760. Terminus of J mile — in line fence ; open fields. The 65th m. mnt. 
brought forward and set at this point. Index stands on mnt., and 
marked thus: N. face 65i M, E. face P, W. face O, S. face 1881. It 
stands on the S. slope of Mahoning river valley, on a moderately level 
bench in river hill, and about 60 feet below the summit. 

1860. Center highway E. and W. 

1890. Center highway leading S. E. 

2671. Original monument of 1786, known as the " Barclay Mnt." It is un- 
doubtedly in place, and is one of the governing points in the restoration 
of the " old line." The mnt. is a boulder lying nearly buried in the 
ground, about 20x30 inches in size, bearirjg a large and deeply engraved 
letter P, not on the E. side, as usual, but on top. State line passes 
through the letter. Site of mnt. is on summit of ridge at S. margin of 
Mahoning river valley, at about same elevation as mnt. 64. 

2536. Station for observing meridian. 

Lat., 41° 0V 25."8. 

4100. N. brow of ravine 25 feet deep. 

4200. Bottom of bluff. 

4235. " Goucher Run," 8 feet wide, flows E. 
4320. Base bluff. 

4700. Brow " Quaker Run" ravine. 

4900. Center highway W.; road on state line begins. 

5000. " Quaker Run," 12 feet wide, flows N. E. 
66 0. 66th m. mnt. — in highway at W. side of road-bed, in open country. Lo- 
cation, wet ; soil, mucky and stony clay. Index stands 25 feet west, 
marked on E. side 25 f, other side of index marked as usual. Mnt- 
stands at S. side of " Quaker Run" valley, a little above the level of 
bottoms. S. ground rises in a concave slope to brow of ravine. A 



— 49 — 



Miles. Feet. 

crooked springy gully drains from a point S. 30° E. down past mnt. 
1400. Summit of swell. 

1875. Center of a well close to state line ; also, center highway E. and W. 

67. 0. 67th m. mnt.— in highway, middle of road-bed. Deep, dry, sandy loam. 

Index stands 25 feet west, and marked on E. face 25 P F ; other marks as 
usual. Mnt. stands in a high, level country, falling slightly S. E. ; no 
natural features for reference. 
480. Center highway E. 

927. Mag var., 2° 05' W., May 6, 1879, 1:30 P. M. 
1550. Eun — drains E. 
1895. Center highway W. 

2080. Summit of low swell ; hills N. of Mahoning river are visible. 
2300. (Approximate) line between Mahoning and North Beaver townships in 
Pennsylvania. 

4241. Low summit ; highest point yet passed S. of Mahoning river. 

4541. Southeast corner of Western Reserve, and also line between Poland, and 
Springfield townships in Ohio. The surveyors of the Western Reserve 
marked this corner in 1796 with a large, square chestnut post. At present 
there is do visible corner. Latitude S. E. corner Western Reserve is : 
Lat., 40° 59' 21 "6. 

5036. Farm line in Pennsylvania. Old settlers say there once stood an orig- 
inal monument at or near this point. 

68. 0. 68th m. mat. — in. highway, in middle of road-bed ; open country in all 

directions. Location of mnt. in dry, sandy loam and clay. High, level 
country, falling slightly to E. from mnt. No natural features for refer- 
ence. Index stands 25 feet west, and marked thus : N. face 68 M, E. 
face 25 P F , W. face O, S. face 1881. 

2315. Corner of quarter section in Ohio. 

4200. Center highway E. 

4225. Brook, drains E 

4510. (Approximate) corner of section in Ohio, and also center of highway W 

69. 0. 69th m. mnt. — in highway, middle of road-bed, at S. margin of wood- 

land, in dry soil and hardpan. Index stands 25 feet east, and marked 
thus : N. face 69 M, E. face P, W. face 25 ° F , south 1881. General fall o f 
land is to N. E. No natural features for reference. 
772. Original monument — an extremely hard, irregular granite boulder, 12x 
20 inches in size. It was not known to be a mnt. until a few years ago, 
when it was dug up in repairing the public road ; its mark was then dis- 
covered and the stone set back into its bed, but the letter was turned 
toward the west. The restored boundary passes through it. 

1000. Branch of Hickory creek, 12 feet wide, flows E. 

2700. Center highway E. and W. 

3309. Summit. 

Mag var., 2° 05' W., May 7, 1879, 9 A. M. 

4550. Center highway W., called " Middletown" road. 

4 



— 50 — 



Miles Feet. 

4950. Run, drains E. 

70. 0. 70th m. mnt. — in highway, in middle of roadbed ; open land all di- 

rections ; location in dry, sandy loam. Index stands 25 feet east, and 
marked on W. face 2 ^°p', other marks as usual. N. 335 ft. is junction of 
two depressions coming down from S. W. and N. W., which, after join- 
ing, continue southeasterly. Country is rolling, or rather is a series -of 
inclines sloping 3 to 10 in 100. Mnt. stands on the northwestern slope 
of one of these inclines. 
945. Summit. 

1220. Center highway E. and W. 

2440. Brook 3 feet wide, flows E. 

3460. Summit. 

3790. Center highway E. 

4585. Center highway W. 

4994. Farm line in Pennsylvania. 

71. 0. 71st m. mnt. — in highway at W. side of road-bed, in pebbly clay soil ; 

wood-land. Index stands 25 ft. west, and marked accordingly. See note 
under 1st m. mnt. Site of 71st mnt. is at the bottom of a broad concave 
valley, and where slight line of bluffs 2 or 3 feet high ran N. W. 
140. A sluggish run, 2 feet wide, coming from N. W. 
2023. Summit of ridge — margin of* valley, in which 71st m. mnt. stands. 

71. 2023. Original monument — on the summit just mentioned. It is a rough sand- 

stone, 9x13x20 inches in size, bearing the original mark. It stood until 
recently in a wheel way, where it became much worn. About 1873 the 
hill was graded down, and the mnt. sunk under ground, being (as was 
supposed) vertically beneath its original position. It was not reset, the 
boundary passing through it. 

72. 0. 72nd m. mnt.— in highway, at E. edge of road-bed, in loamy clay; open 

land all around. Index stands 25 feet west, and marked thus : N. side 
72 M, E. side , W. side O, south 1881. Mnt. is two feet underground, 
as usual, and the state line marked on its upper face with -f- (cross), as is 
the case with all the mnts., without exception. S. 450 feet and 20 feet 
higher than mnt., is the N. margin of a flat summit. Mnt. stands on a 
northern declivity, which sweeps around through the N. W. quadrant. 
450. Ground level S. 

1400. S. margin of summit. 

2160. Run in gully 10 feet deep, drains W. 

2245. Center highway E. and W., called " Petersburgh' - road; highway on 

state line ends. 
2850. Run, flows W. in gully 30 feet deep. 
3900. Bottom of bluffs, margin of bottom lands. 
4875. High way following valley of Honey creek. 
5030. Honey creek, 25 feet wide, .flows S. E. into Beaver river. 

73. 0. 73rd m. mnt. — in cleared land, in Honey creek valley, at the S. W. 

margin of flood plain, and close to base of steep bluffs 20 feet high. Soil 



— 51 — 



Miles. Feet. 

is black silt, underlaid with old creek bed. Index stands on mnt., and 
marked accordingly. 
500. Run, 2 feet wide, flows E. Petersburgh village £ mile directly W. on 

the hill above. 
2060. Run, drains E. 

3868. Original mnt. of 1786, standing at the W. side of a farm lane in high 
level country. It is a rough, natural block of rather soft sandstone, 
with part of the original mark^broken off ; is about 10x20x30 inches in 
size. Has the letter roughly picked on W. side. It is not known to 
have ever b§en designedly moved, but being mostly above ground it has 
been knocked about some by rough usage. It was moved 14 inches 
west, and reset on state line. 

3955. Line between North Beaver and Little Beaver townships in Pennsylvania. 

73. 3958. Station for observing the meridian. 

Lat., 40° 54 / 14. v 3. 
4300. Center highway N. W. and S. E. ; road on state line begins. 
4168. (Approximate) line between Mahoning and Columbiana counties in Ohio. 

74. 0. 74th m. mnt. — in highway, in middle of road-bed, in rather wet, dark 

sandy clay. 3 feet N. a log culvert drains a swail, coming down from E. 
and flowing W. in a shallow depression, falling about 1 in 50. Ground 
level S. 100 feet, then rises abruptly 8 feet to a higher level. High coun- 
try, and slightly rolling. Index stands 25 feet west of mnt., and maiked 
accordingly. 
100. Center highway E. and W. 
1760. Summit of low swell. 

1841. Original mnt. — a rather small, flat sandstone. It was taken up some 20 
years ago in repairing the highway, and now lies under a fence corner 
at E. roadside. The spot where it stood could not be identified with any 
certainty. 

3412. Center highway. E. 

3655. Center highway W. ; a brook 3 feet wide, drains S. E. 

4084. N. margin of broad valley ; ground descends in gentle slope S. 

4725. (Approximate) section line in Ohio. 

75. 0. 75th m. mnt. — in highway at E. side of road-bed, near S. margin of wood- 

land. Index stands 25 feet west, and marked in accordance, i. e., E. face 
of index bears the inscription 2 ^ F . Site of mnt. is on the northern slope 
of " South Branch " creek valley. A little gully comes down from N., 
passing mnt. 80 feet E., and joined by similar straggling gully from E., 
and crossing state line 370 feet S. in a depression 10 feet deep. 
2850. Bottom creek bluffs, 12 feet high. 

3197. Center of bridge over " South Branch " of Little Beaver river ; stream 

is 40 feet wide, flowing E. with a gentle current. 
3900. Base low bluffs. 
4775. (Approximate) section line in Ohio. 

76. 0. 76th m. mnt. — at E. side highway, in wet, loamy soil; cleared land W., 

wood-land E. Stands at N. W. side of a little swamp draining W. into 



52 — 



Miles. Feet. 



a brook coming down from S., and passing 125 feet W. of mnt. Country 
lies in small, sharp undulations, rising S. Index stands on mnt., and 
marked in accordance. 
497. Summit of little sharp ridge. 

1408. Center highway E. and W. 

1527. Summit. 

2471. Spot on which once stood an original monument. It is a flat-sided, ir- 
regular slab of sandstone, 7x14x20 inches in size. For years it has teen 
lying flat in the roadway, and its character remained unknown until 
about 1876, when, on repairing the road, it wa» overturned and the mark 
discovered, and is now in possession of adjoining landowner. Spot 
where it was said to have lain is crossed by state line. 

3385. Eun, 2 feet wide, flows W. 

4810. Stone corner of section in Ohio. 

77. 0. 77th m. mnt. — in highway under middle of road-bed, in yellow, loamy 

clay ; open timber E. and W. On summit of ridge, the highest land in 
this vicinity, whence the land falls gently N. and S. for £ mile or so. 
Very apex of ridge, 80 feet S. and 20 inches higher. 

1445. Line between Lawrence and Beaver counties in Pennsylvania. 

1930. Center highway E. and W. 

2030. Eun, 3 feet, flows S. E. 

2200. Eoad on state line ends ; leads S. W. 

2600. Gully, goes E. 

2898. Summit of irregular ridge, 40 feet high ; country is becoming rough. 
3450. Small gully. 

4858. (Approximate) corner section in Ohio. 

78. 0. 78th m. mnt. — at N. margin of wood-land, in yellow clay, and 19 feet 

west of line fence. Country is rather rough, lying in abrupt, rolling 
ridges. Mut. stands on S. slope of such a ri Ige, where ground rails S. 1 
in 30. Index stands on mnt., and marks are in accordance. 

750. Swaily brook, in depression 40 feet deep. 

985. Summit of ridge. 

1400. N. margin of marshy swamp; called a ''lagoon" by surveyors of 1786. 
1580. S. side "lagoon." 

1598. Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago E. E. 

1620. Eefuse heaps "state line" coal works. 

2825. Dumping chutes "state line" coal works. 

3580. Mouth of "drift," 40 feet W. ; ground rises S. in a steep hill. 

3800. "Air shaft" 80 feet W. 

4600. Summit of a N. and S. crest, about 200 feet above P., Ft. W. & C. E. E. 
4941. Center highway E and W. 

79. 0. 79th m. mnt.— in open land, 24 feet east of line fence Index on mnt., 

and marked thus: N face 79 M, east face P, west face O, south 1881. 
Mnt. stands on E. and N. slopes of a sort of cove in the hill, and at the 
head <.f a small drain going N. E. into a deep winding gully. Ground 
very steep E. and W. of mnt. Country is becoming very rough, being 



- 53 - 



Miles. Feet. 

worn full of deep, narrow valleys, formic g knobs and ridges 100 to 200 
feet high. 

387. Original monument of 1786, on sharp summit of a spur of ridge project- 
ing E. It is a squarely-hewn slab of sandstone, 6 inches thick by 16x40 
inches in size. On the east side is the inscription, meaning, evident- 
ly, 77 miles from the S. W. corner of Pennsylvania. At the base is a 
smaller stone, bearing the letters A. E. [Andrew Elicott]. This nmt. has 
been known for 50 years or more, but has not always been in place. It 
was once taken up "to make room for a threshing-machine," and was 
afterwards put back "within a few inches," as was supposed. It was 
moved west 3 r 3 o feet, and reset on the restored boundary. The latitude 
of this original monument, as deduced from the " Northern Terminal 
Monument," is: 

Lai, 40° 49' 36"5. 
Mag. var., 1° 54' W., May 13, 1879, 9 A. M. 

In a published work, entitled "Stone's Magnetic Variation, " is a note 
which reads as follows : W. boundary Pennsylvania — N. lat., 40° b(V ; 
var., 0° 17' E. ; date, 1786 ; authority, Andrew Elicott. 
945. Station for observing the meridian. 

1640. Brow of gully. 

1700. Mouth of coal drift 40 feet W. 

1800. Bottom of gully; opens into an irregular ragged ravine 400 f^et E. 
2720. Bottom gully. * 
2943. Summit between two gullies. 
3420. Farm line in Ohio. 

3980. Brook, 3 feet wide, flows E. in deep ravine. 
4577. Near summit E. slope of knob 240 feet high. 

4890. (Approximate) line between Unity and Middletown townships in Ohio. 
5040. Brook, 2 feet wide, near head of a gully 50 feet deep. 

80. 0. 80th m. mnt. — Index stands on mnt., and marked: N. side 80 M, E. 

side P, W. side O, S. 1881. Country is very rough, being a succession of 

uneven ridges, with spurs projecting into the intervening ragged valleys. 

Mnt. stands on eastern shoulder of such a spur, 15 feet below summit. 

N. 60° W. 300 feet it is connected by a neck to a range of higher knobs. 

E. ground falls 50 in 100 feet to bottom of a gully. 
1000. Bottom of gulch 80 feet deep ; opens E. 
1471. On crest of a spur projecting E. 

2400. Summit of ridge 250 feet above valleys on either side ; open view along 

a deep valley lying southward. 
3200. Base of hill, ground level S. ; highway X. E. ; road on state line begins. 
3660. Run, 12 feet wide, flows S. 30° W.; heads just E. of 79 m. 387 feet. 
3840. Highway W. 
8950. Highway N. E. 

81. 0. 81st m. mnt. — in cleared land, in highway under road-bed Index stands 

25 feet east, and marked on west face, 2 ^f > other marks as usual. Wet 
ground, underlaid with old creek-bed. Site of mnt. is at the E. margin 



— 54 — 



Miles. Feet. 

of a narrow N. and S. valley, with hills 200 feet high on either side, 
and at a spot where the stream, now passing, 70 feet wide, has cut a 
circular arc into base of east bluff 20 feet into Pennsylvania. 

1870. Center highway E. and W.; road on state line ends. 

2760. N. bank " Little Beaver " river, flows W. 

2970. S. " " base of precipitous hill, 250 feet high. 

3100. Top of precipice. 

3788. N. edge flat summit. 

4350. S. edge flat summit. 

4670. Deep, concave hollow opening E. 

82. 0. 82nd m. mnt. — in line fence, in wood-land on N. slope of "Booth" hill, at a 

place where it rises S. 1 in 10, and about 275 feet above Little Beaver river. 
Index stands on mnt., and all marks according to rula. 
374. Summit of "Booth" hill, about 400 feet above river. On first reaching 
this summit the view is surprising and beautiful. The Virginia hills are 
visible. All around the horizon the country lies in heavy, rolling hills. 
Original mnt. — called "Booth" mnt. It is a squarely-dressed slab of 
sandstone, 7x15x40 inches in size, bearing the original mark. It has 
heretofore been leaning to the E. ; it was straightened up, and stands on 
restored boundary. Ground falls S. into "Brush Run" valley. 

1750. Lateral gully. 

2930. Center highway E. and W. 

4869. Section line in Ohio. 

83. 0. 83rd m. mnt. — inline fence, in open land. Index on mnt., and marks 

accordingly. Stands in "Brush Run" valley at N. margin of bottoms, 
and close to the base of the bounding bluff, which at this point is 40 
feet high, and bears S. 25° W. 
750. Brush Run, 20 feet wide, flows W. 

1200. -S. margin bottoms; base "Bliss" hill. 

2500. N. brow Bliss hill. Ground rises S. 1 in 15. 

4280. Crest of Bliss hill ; extreme summit 300 feet E. 

4805. Section line in Ohio. 

84. 0. 84th m. mnt. — in line fence, in open land. Index on mnt., and marks in 

accordance. Stands on S. slope Bliss hill, at a place where the ground 
falls S. 1 in 16. 
160. Brow of steep rocky bluff on hillside. 

550. Base Bliss hill ; highways lead up valleys N. E. and N. W. ; road on state 

line begins. 
650. i-un, 2 feet wide, drains E. 
970. Run, 2 feet wide, drains E. 
1550. Mouth coal mine E. 

2280. Highway W., called " New Lisbon " road. 
3000. Highway S. E. 

3800. Brook, 3 feet wide, drains N. W. into " Sheepskin Hollow," a gloomy 

chasm leading down to Little Beaver river. 
4180. Center highway W. ; road on state line ends. 



— 55 — 



Miles. Feet. 

4428. Station for observing meridian. 

Latitude, 40° 44' 35."7. 
Mag. var., 1° 39' W., Oct. 15, 1879, 5 P. M. 
4740. Section line in Ohio ; base of "Beatty" hill. 

85. 0. 85th m. mnt.— in line fence; woods W., open fields E. Index on mnt., 

and marks in accordance. Monument stands on the north-eastern slope 
of a circular ridge ("Beatty hill"), beginning 300 feet N. W., and with a 
radius of 400 feet, circling around through the S. into the N. E , enclos- 
ing a hollow, out of whose sides seeps a little drain going out N. W. into 
"Sheepskin" hollow. Ground rises S. 1 in 5. 

415. Summit of "Beatty" hill; probably highest land between E. Palestine 
and Ohio river. Original monument of 1786 occupying undisturbed its 
original position. It is a lens-shaped natural sandstone, 16x24 inches in 
size, and four inches thick, standing firm and upright in the hard, dry 
ground. It is a governing point in the restoration of the "old line." 

460. Ground descends S. 1 in 12, and then follows southward on crest of a 
ridge. 
3150. Top of bluff. 

3280. Large spring at base of bluff ; source of N. branch "Pine" run. Line 
lies southward in bottom of gorge, crossing the run several times, and 
reaching at — 

4565. Base of E. hill bearing S. 30° W. 

4800. (Approximate) line between Middleton and St. Clair townships in Ohio. 

86. 0. 86th m. mnt. — in thrck woods. The bottom stone of this monument is 

the solid rock, a soft sandstone, 18 inches under ground, and of the 
same slope as the surface. A level shelf, of ample size to receive the 
"index," was cut into the rock and the boundary marked with the 
usual -{-, cat into the solid rock. Iadex stands over the +, and is 
marked thus : N. face 86 M, E. face P, W. face O, S. 1881. Site of monu- 
ment is on the steep western slope of hill lying between N. and E. 
branches of "Pine" run. 
480. E. branch of "Pine" run, 10 feet w T ide, flows west, in a gulch 100 feet 
deep. 

1186. Highway on state line begins. 

1277. N. margin of summit nearly as high as "Beatty" hill. 

2270. Original monument, a roughly dressed sandstone, 4x12x28 inches in 
size. About 30 years ago it was taken out maliciously and thrown down 
over hill to the W., where it was found in the woods and reset about a 
year afterwards, by a surveyor, since which time much of the top has 
been broken off. It was moved 3 inches west, and reset on the state line. 

2270. Station for observing the meridian. 

Lat., 40° 43 / 12. 7/ 7. 
Mag. var., 1° 31 / W., Oct. 15, 1879, 2 P.M. 

2675. Center highway E. and W. ; road on state line ends. 

4750. Gully 60 feet deep, goes S. E. (Approximate) section line in Ohio. 

87. 0. 87th m. mnt.— in line fence, in cleared land. Index stands on mnt., 



— 56 — 



Miles. Feet. 

and marked in accordance. It stands on slope of hill falling S. E. into 

"Purgatory" hollow. 
1090. Brink of Purgatory hollow, 200 feet deep. 
1470. Run 10 feet wide, flows S. W. 

1842. Crest of ridge projecting JS. 65° W., between "Purgatory" and "Beeler's 
runs. 

296,4. N. brink Beeler run gorge. 

3300. (Approximate) Beeler run, 15 feet wide, flows N. W. 
3862. N. brow of table-land south of Beeler's run. 
4312. N. margin of level 1 nd. 
4651. Section line in Ohio. 

88. 0. 88th m. mnt. — woods W., level fields E. Index on monument, and 

marked accordingly. Soil, red, sandy loam. High level country ; 

ground slopes gently S. 
2539. Station for observing the meridian. 

Lat., 40° 41 / 25/ / 7. 
2580. Center highway E. and W. 

2665. Original monument, a rough sandstone, 7x17x34 inches in size, standing 
in a lane leading down to Island run. Had been knocked out of place 
somewhat by passing teams. It was moved nine inches West, and reset 
deeper in ground on restored boundary. 

3000. Head of ravine 200 feet E. 

3020. Line enters west side of a crooked gorge leading down to Island run. 
4045. Slanting crest of spur pointing S. E. 
4350. Small run in lateral gully opening S. E. 
4588. Section line in Ohio. 
4768. Slanting crest projecting E. 

89. 0. 89th m. mnt. — in "Island Run" valley, in clear land. Index on monu- 

ment, and marked in accordance. Monument stands on the steep side 
of Island run ravine. S. 60° E., about 300 feet, is the "run," where it 
makes a half-circle around the base of a peaked promontory three or 
four hundred feet high. N. 70° E. the ravine of the "run" is visible for 
one-half mile. Scores of oil derricks cover the valley and neighboring 
hill-sides. 

550. Bottom of "Bear Wallow" gully ; comes from N. W. 
1931. Brink of precipice overlooking "Little Beaver" river 300 feet below* 
2550 N. bank Beaver river. 
2750. S. bank Little Beaver river, flows east. 
3130. Old "Beaver and Sandy" canal, abandoned. 

3200. S. margin of flood plain ; the river sweeps around into Pennsylvania, 

and at — 
4350. N. bank of river. 

4760. S. bank of river, flows S. W. ; line rises diagonally up the eastern hill. 
5200. Highway, following the river. 

90. 0. Terminus of 90th mile. No monument set ; spot not deemed a suitable 

place, being a slip on the hill-side. 



- 57- 



Miles. Feet. 

933. End of rapid ascent ; brow of river gorge ; ground rises S. 1 in 15. 

90. 1320. Terminus one-fourth mile, in woodland. Monument set. Index stands 

on monument, and marked thus : North face -J^ ^, E. face P, W 
face O, south 1881. Mnt. stands east of Little Beaver river, and about 
400 feet above the same at the upper margin of the valley. Ground 
rises gently E. 

1495. Summit of slight lateral swell. 

1900. Small lateral valley draining W. 

2248. Original monument, slightly displaced by natural agencies; is a squarely- 
dressed sandstone slab, 7x18x48 inches in size, with the original mark 
deeply engraved. It was straightened up and re-set on the state line. 

3200. Ground begins to fall S. 

3525. Center highway E. and W. 

4157. Brink of steep descent into Little Beaver valley. 
4680. Center highway winding down hill-side. 
4800. Coal opening, 100 feet W. 

5100. Run, at base of hill ; north margin of gravelly terrace. 

91. 0. 91st mile point — comes in a deep hole gullied out of the river bank; not 

a suitable place for a monument. 
91. 330. Terminus T \ mile, in the Little Beaver river valley, at eastern margin of 
the river terrace, in a scattering grove of large white-oaks. Soil is mostly 
water-worn pebbles, the size of an orange and smaller. Index stands 
on mnt., and marked thus: N. face 3 gJ ^ ; other marks as usual. Mnt. 
stands in a bend in the river where it flows around a peninsula in the 
river terrace, and is 89 feet above ordinary water, and at the same ele- 
vation as the river terrace on the S. side of the Ohio river at Georgetown. 
520. Center highway. 

551. N. end of bridge over Little Beaver river. 

691. S. end of bridge over Little Beaver river, flows S. E. into the Ohio river. 

760. Center highway. 

800. Farm corner — a square stone post. 
800. Foot of bluff ; river hill begins. 
1842. Brow of river hill. 
2140. Lateral gully, runs E. 

2466. Original mnt., lying in fence-corner in 1879. 

2560. Spot where above-mentioned original mnt. was reset on state line. It is 
an irregular piece of flagstone, 3 inches thick and 28x32 inches in size ; 
stands on summit of river hills, the Ohio river valley being in full view 
below. 

2590. Beginning of rapid descent. 

3415. Center highway leading up out of valley. 

3630. Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad ; runs S. 67° W. 
91. 3960. Terminus of f mile. Southern terminal monument. The mnt. is of W. 

Quincy granite, and is a duplicate in every respect of the Northern ter- 
minal mnt. described at the beginning of these Notes. It is supported 
on a foundation of masonry built even with the ground surface. It 



— 58 — 



Miles. Feet. 

stands in the Ohio river valley, at the base of a gravelly slope, and at 
the N. margin of the river plain. 

The geographic position of Southern terminal mnt. is : 
Lat., 40° 38 / 35/1. 
Long., 80° 3V 16/7 W. 

91. 4567. Station for observing the meridian. 
4650. North bank of the Ohio river. 

Terminus of the Eastern Boundary of the State of Ohio. 
The Boundary extends northwards on a true meridian as far as the ter- 
minus of the 62nd mile. 

92. 0- Terminus 92nd mile, in the river. 
1038. South river bank ; river flows westerly. 
1355. Top of river terrace, 40 feet high. 

1435. Original monument (at the base of the river hill) between Pennsylvania 
and W. Virginia, and on the same meridian as the restored boundary 
between Pennsylvnia and Ohio. It is a well-hewn slab of sandstone, 8 
inches thick, 18 inches wide, and standing 40 inches above ground; 
marked on east side with the letter f, and on west side, V, and is stand- 
ing in place. Initial point of original survey. 
Eespectfully submitted. 

Geo. D. Hersey, 
Engineer for the Joint Commission. 



APPENDIX. 



[House Bill No. 298.1 
AN ACT 

In regard to the boundary monuments on the line between the states of Ohio and 

Pennsylvania. . 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, 
That as soon as practicable after the passage of this act, it shall be the 
duty of the governor to appoint three competent persons to be com- 
missioned to act in conjunction with a similar commission of the state 
of Pennsylvania (but not otherwise) to examine as to the true location 
of the monuments which make the boundary line between the state of 
Ohio and the state of Pennsylvania, and in connection with said com- 
mission of the said state of Pennsylvania to replace any monuments 
that have been removed, or have become displaced, or dilapidated, on 
the boundary line of said states. 

Sec. 2. Said commission shall report to the governor an account of 
all expenditures arising under this act, together with a full report of 
their proceedings, accompanied with such maps and drafts as may be 
necessary to a clear understanding of the same, and the governor shall 
report the same to the first meeting of the general assembly thereafter. 

Sec 3. The sum of two thousand dollars, or so much thereof as 
may be necessary for carrying out the provisions of this act, is hereby 
appropriated out of any money not otherwise appropriated. 

Sec. 4. That if any person shall remove said monuments or in 
any way disturb the same so replaced by said commission, shall upon 
conviction thereof, be fined in any sum not more than five hundred 
dollars, nor less than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned in the county 
jail not more than six months nor less than one month, or both, at the 
discretion of the court. 

Sec. 5. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its 
passage. 

JAMES E. NEAL, 

Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

JABEZ W. FITCH, 

President of the Senate. 

Passed May 3, 1878. 



— 60 — 



[House Bill No. 794.] 
AN ACT 

Supplementary to an act entitled "an act in regard to the boundary monuments on 
the line between the states of Ohio and Pennsylvania." (0. L., vol. 75, p. 130.) 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, 
That in addition to the powers conferred and the duties imposed upon 
the commissioners appointed under said act, they shall have authority, 
and it is hereby made the duty of said commissioners, acting in con- 
nection with the commissioners appointed by the governor of Pennsyl- 
vania, to erect suitable monuments along the boundary line, when 
determined, sufficient to properly mark said boundary line : provided, 
where the boundary line is along any public highway, the commis- 
sioners shall place index monuments at recorded distances from the 
true line upon the side of said highway. 

Sec. 2. This act shall take effect and be in force on and after its 
passage. 

JAMES E. NEAL, 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
JABEZ W. FITCH, 

President of the Senate. 

Passed May 27, 1879. 



[No. 100.] 
AN ACT 

In regard to the boundary monuments on the line between the state of Pennsyl- 
vania, and the states of Ohio and West Virginia, with an appropriation for ex- 
penses of same. 

Section 1. Be it enacted, etc, That soon as practicable after the 
passage of this act, it shall be the duty of the governor to appoint three 
persons, to be commissioned to act in conjunction with similar com- 
missions of the states of Ohio and West Virginia to examine as to the 
true location of the monuments which mark the boundary lines between 
this state and the states of Ohio and West Virginia, and in connection 
with said commissions of the said states of Ohio and West Virginia 
to re-place any monuments which have become dilapidated or been 
removed on the boundary lines of said states. 

Sec. 2. The sum of three thousand dollars, or so much thereof as 
may be necessary, is hereby appropriated for expenses of renewing and 
re-placing monuments and for contingent expenses. 

Sec 3. Said commission shall make report to the secretary of 



-61 — 



internal affairs on the progress of the work, with an account of all 
expenditures, which shall be transmitted by said secretary to the gen- 
eral assembly at its next session ; and said commission shall on com- 
pletion of said work prepare and file in the department of internal 
affairs a full report of their proceedings, accompanied with such maps 
or drafts as may be necessary to a clear understanding of the same. 

Approved— The 18th day of May, A. D. 1878. 

J. F. HARTRANFT. 



[No. 94.1 
A SUPPLEMENT 

To an act in regard to the boundary monuments on the line between the state of 
Pennsylvania and the states of Ohio and West Virginia, approved the eighteenth 
day of May, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight, 
appropriating money for the further carrying out of the provi-ions of said act. 

Whereas, The sum of three thousand dollars, appropriated in the 
act of the eighteenth day of May, Anno Domini one thousand eight 
hundred and seventy-eight, has proved inadequate for the purpose to 
which it was applied; 

And whereas, If the work be left in its present incomplete condition 
the amount already expended will be entirely lost ; 

And whereas, The estimation already made shows conclusively that 
a complete revision of said boundary is of great importance and is 
actually necessary; therefore, 

Section 1. Be it enacted, etc., That the further sum of eight thousand 
dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated 
for expenses of the continued placing and replacing of the monuments 
and for contingent expenses, as s-et forth in the act of May eighteenth, 
one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight : Provided, That the sum 
of at least four thousand dollars, out of the amount appropriated in this 
act, be applied to the adjustment of the marking of the boundary line 
between Pennsylvania and West Virginia : And provided, further, That 
the state of West Virginia appropriate a like sum of four thousand 
dollars, to be applied to the adjustment of marking said boundary line 
between said states. 

Approved— The 8th day of June, A. D. 1881. 

HENRY M. HOYT. 



REPORT 



OF THE 

OHIO BOARD OF THE OHIO AND PENNSYLVANIA JOINT BOUNDARY COMMISSION, 

Made to the Governor op Ohio, pursuant to Act of General 
Assembly, approved May 3, 1878. 



Youngstown, January 15, 1879. 
To his Excellency, Richard M. Bishop, Governor of Ohio: 

Sir: We, the commissioners appointed "to act in conjunction with 
a similar commission of the state of Pennsylvania, to examine as to the 
true location of the monuments which make the boundary line between 
the state of Ohio and the state of Pennsylvania, and in connection with 
said commission of the sta,te of Pennsylvania, to replace any monuments 
that have been removed, or have become displaced or dilapidated on the 
boundary line of said states," beg leave to report: That, on the 14th of 
October last, thirteen days subsequent to the date of our appointments, 
we met the Pennsylvania commission at the Monogahela House, in 
the city of Pittsburgh. Said Pennsylvania commission consists of Col- 
onel James Worrall, of Harrisburgh ; William W. Walker, of New Bed- 
ford, Lawrence county, and James McCullough, of Cannonsburg, Wash- 
ington county. The joint board was organized by the appointment of 
Colonel James Worrall as chairman, and James Mackey as secretary. 
After some discussion as to the manner of prosecuting the survey, it was 
decided to meet on the 28th of that month at Smith's Ferry, near the 
southern terminus of the boundary line at the Ohio River, and if au- 
thentic, original monuments could be found on that end of the line to 
begin the svrvey there. 

During the interval, Colonel Worrall was charged with the duty of 
making search for the field-notes of the original survey of Harrisburg. 
But as his search proved unavailing, and it was evident that more time 
would be needed to make examinations elsewhere, it was thought advis- 
able to delay the meeting of the surveying party, and in the meantime 
to make examinations at each end of the line to ascertain which pre- 
sented the best initial point for the survey. Messrs. W. W. Walker, J. 
M. Rickey and J. Mackey, who were detailed to do this work, reported in 



-63 — 



favor of beginning the survey at Lake Erie for various reasons, some of 
which appear elsewhere in this report. 

All efforts made to procure the original field-notes were ineffectual, 
though diligent search was made by different ones at every place where 
there was any probability of finding them. Search was made at Harris- 
burgh, Pennsylvania; at Richmond, Virginia; at Columbus, Ohio, and 
had been, as we were informed, previously made at the city of Wash- 
ington. Through the kindness of Colonel Charles Whittlesey, of Cleve- 
land, Ohio, we were cited to some brief reports of the original Pennsyl- 
vania commissioners found in the Pennsylvania archives, in the posses- 
sion of the "Western Reserve Historical Society," at Cleveland, from 
which we gathered some important facts as to the dates of making the 
survey, the opening of a vista on the line, and the manner of marking 
the monuments. He also furnished us with a copy of his "Early His- 
tory of Cleveland," which gives an interesting account of the re-survey 
of the northern portion of the line by the Western Reserve surveyors in 
1796, ten years subsequent to the original survey. 

State Auditor James Williams' also furnished us with the re-survey 
of twenty-four miles of the southern portion of the line, made by the 
United States Government, in laying off what is known as the First 
Seven Ranges. 

After our survey was commenced, Colonel Worrall furnished us with 
a copy of a fragment of a map which is supposed to have been made by 
the first commissioners appointed to run the line. It was deposited by 
Colonel Worrall in the Department of Internal Affairs at Harrisburg, 
on the 22d of July last, at the request of the Hon. William H. Jessup. 
This copy simply exhibits the streams of water, swamps and Indian 
paths crossed by the line, together with the mile points of the survey. 
It was doubtless intended to represent the entire west line of Pennsyl- 
vania, about one hundred and fifty-six miles in length, but lacks about 
six miles at the north end and seventy-four at the south end. 

On the sixth of November last, the joint commission met in full 
board at the Central House, Conneaut, Ohio, and organized for the field- 
work of the survey, a full report of which will appear in the minutes 
kept by the secretary of the joint commission. Work in the field was 
immediately commenced. Owing to continuous cloudy weather for sev- 
eral nights, we were unable to make the proper astronomical observa- 
tions from which to establish our meridian. But during the interval, 
in order to utilize time, the line was chained, its topography taken, and 
its monuments and land-marks noted for a distance of nine and one- 
half miles south from Lake Erie. 



— 64- 



After having surveyed about twenty-two and one-half miles of said 
line, we were obliged to discontinue the work on account of a deep snow 
which fell on the 5th and 6th of the last month. We were just entering 
upon a large swamp, four to five miles in length, over which the state 
line passes, and which, we were informed by the inhabitants of that 
section, can rarely be passed through in the winter season, unless on 
the ice. We found the swamp very full of w T ater, owing tothe frequent 
heavy rains of last fall. The snow, which was sixteen inches in depth, 
made it utterly impracticable to prosecute our survey through it; be- 
sides covering up and making it difficult to find land-marks and monu- 
ments along the state line which we desired to see and note. 

The commission engaged a man residing in that neighborhood to 
notify them whenever the swamp was sufficiently frozen over or the 
water drained out of it to proceed with the survey, when the work will 
be resumed. If our survey was only extended through this swamp, we 
know of nothing formidable to interfere with its continuous prosecution 
to the Ohio River. One of the objects which induced us to begin our 
survey at the lake, was to get through this swampy region before the 
fall rains made it impracticable; also to escape the deep snows and 
greater severity of the winter weather that usually prevail at the jiorth 
end of the line. We were, however, overtaken by the very things we 
sought to avoid, notwithstanding we had proceeded with all reasonable 
dispatch to begin the work after receiving our appointments. If we 
fail to get through the swamp during this winter, we may hi delayed 
with our survey till the latter part of the coming summer, at which 
time of the year the inhabitants say it is usually pretty well dried out. 

The winter season is perhaps as favorable as any time of the year, if 
not too extremely cold, in which to make the survey. Although the 
days are shorter, yet as there is no foliage to contend with, we can get 
much longer ranges with our instruments in less time, and with much 
less cutting than in summer. It is the underbrush which, in many 
places, is quite den«e, and second-growth timber which has sprung up 
in the vista cut out in the forest when the original survey of 1786 was 
made, that, more than anything else, aside from swampy districts, de- 
lays the field-work of the survey. 

When we left off our survey we had gone over nearly one-fourth of 
the entire length of the line, which, from Lake Erie to the Ohio River, 
we understand to be about ninety-two miles. But in the twenty-two 
and one-half miles surveyed, we found only one standing, original monu- 
ment; nor can we hear of any others for the next ten miles ahead. The 
reason, probably, that the line is so destitute of original monuments, is 



— 65 — 



because of the great scarcity of suitable stone, in that level country out 
of which to make them. It would be a very difficult matter even now, 
to find and convey with teams, stones for such a purpose. Much more 
difficult would it be at the time the line was originally surveyed, when 
this country was all a wilderness, to look them up and convey them, as 
the first surveying party were obliged to, without teams, to the points 
where needed. Although the first surveying party was directed to set 
up stone monuments every five miles on the line, yet it is quite evident 
that this was not done on the northern portion of the line, or if it was 
done, the stones were so small, and of such an indifferent character, that 
they were soon displaced by the action of the frost, and were disregarded. 
We expect to find monuments more frequent as we go south into the 
more hilly districts where they could be more conveniently obtained. 

On that portion of the state line we have gone over, we find there 
has been much dispute among the owners of abutting lands as to its 
true location. So great has been the doubt and uncertainty about its 
correct location generally, there have been but very few land-marks of 
any kind set up along the line, notwithstanding there is a great multi- 
plicity of adjoining farms in each state. 

Some of these proprietors claim that the state line was originally 
located on the east side of the vista referred to as being made in the tim- 
ber at the time of the original survey, and have set their fences accord- 
ingly. This vista seems to have been usually cut out about thirty feet 
in width, sometimes a few feet more, and sometimes a few feet less. 
Other proprietors claim that the line was on the west side of it, and still 
others that it was in its centre. Owing to this diversity of opinion, 
each one, when permitted, setting his fence to suit his views, a very ir- 
regular line of fence is presented, varying in some places as much as 
thirty feet with others. 

We are much gratified to be able to say that so far as our survey has 
been prosecuted our meridian line has kept within said vista, and 
where we left off it did- not, perhaps, vary two feet from its centre. We 
are in hopes that on the remainder of the line there will be no material 
divergence between our meridian and the one originally Tun. 

It is quite evident that there was a great necessity for a re-survey of 
the line; and when re-surveyed, it should be permanently and thor- 
oughly marked. This we do not consider the act authorizing the re- 
survey sufficiently provided for. The act stipulates that we are, in con - 
nection with the Pennsylvania commission, " to replace any monuments 
that have been removed, or have become displaced or dilapidated, on 

5* 



— 66 — 



the boundary line of said state." Following the strict construction of 
this provision of the act, we do not see how we would have the right to 
replace any monuments on the line as far as we have run it, unless it 
would be at Lake Erie, which is simply a thin, irregular shaped flag- 
stone, say six inches thick, three feet long, and about two feet and ten 
inches broad, with the inscription upon it " Pennsylvania, 1786." This 
monument is said, by parties now owning the abutting lands at this 
place, in the respective states, to have been washed down about twenty 
years ago by the encroachments of the lake, and was drawn up by them 
and placed in a fence corner where it now lies. A rumor prevails that 
it once stood on the beach of the lake and has been shifted back south- 
ward several times. This monument, though doubtless the best that 
under the circumstances could be conveniently obtained, is not such a 
one as should be set at the present time on any part of the line, much 
less as a terminal monument. 

Such monuments are so easily shifted by the frost or by hand that 
doubts on these accounts are very likely to arise — and we are informed 
in some instances have risen along the line — as to their original location. 
The standing monument already referred to — which, with the one lying 
at the lake, are the only ones discovered for a distance of twenty-two 
and one-half miles, or heard of for thirty miles — is simply a granite 
boulder, marked with the letter " P " on its east side, according to the 
general plan of making the state line monuments, and is so light as to 
be readily shifted by the hand. This monument, situated about four 
and one-half miles from the lake, is the one over which our present 
meridian line passes, and, from what we can learn, is a pretty fair 
sample of the monuments generally to be found on the southern portion 
of the line. If this be true, the line could never be permanently 
marked, and thoroughly marked, simply by replacing them as first set, 
though they were set every half mile of the entire length of the line. 

Now, as the law simply requires us "to replace any monuments that 
have been removed, or have become displaced or dilapitated," we might 
ask, where we were unable to find any monuments for a distance of 
twenty-five or thirty miles, and had no evidence that any had ever been 
set, how we could add any new monuments, or what great benefit would 
result from the resurvey of such portions of the line ? 

It certainly was not the intention of our legislature to incur the 
expense of resurveying the line without properly remaking it; and in 
order to make provision for this necessity, we have suggested some 
amendments to the law, which are herewith most respectfully submitted 
to that honorable body. l» C 



— 67- 



The commission has had some conference with the Pennsylvania 
commission as to the number and character of the monuments to be 
erected on the line. It is deemed advisable to set them generally one 
mile apart; making those at five mile points superior in size and form 
to intermediate ones; and the two terminal monuments of a still superior 
character, in order to secure permanancy and durability. It is also 
deemed advisable to obtain all said monuments, unless it would be the 
two terminal ones, from some of the large stone quarries in north-eastern 
Ohio — of which there are several — and have them shipped by railroad 
to the points the most convenient to where they will be needed, and 
thence to be conveyed by teams to their locations along the line. Rail- 
road facilities in the neighborhood of the line are so great as to make 
this a comparatively easy matter. 

A considerable portion of the state line has public roads upon it, 
and in course of time the greater part of it will be occupied in this way. 
We cannot safely place monuments in a public highway; and, therefore, 
in our amendments to the existing law, we have provided for the pro- 
tection of index monuments that may be placed at recorded distances 
from the true line, on the sides of roads. 

We are obliged to ask for an additional appropriation of twenty-five 
hundred dollars, not only for the purpose of properly remarking the line 
when surveyed, but for the purpose of completing the survey to the Ohio 
river. It was impossible for the legislature to determine in the outset 
the extent of the appropriation necessary to finish the work. It is im- 
possible for this commission, even now with its present experience, to 
decide with much assurance as to its probable cost, so many are the ob- 
stacles and contingencies likely to arise in a survey of this kind. The 
additional sum asked for is based upon a careful and detailed estimate, 
and while we are in hopes that with economy it will not be required, 
yet we feel that we would not be safe with any less appropriation. 

We feel it to be our duty to urge upon our legislature the necessity of 
making the appropriation desired as promptly as it can reasonably be 
done. The marking of the line with suitable monuments ought not 
long to be delayed after the survey is completed. 

The mile points are well marked with reference stakes, but though 
carefully done, this marking is but temporary, as these stakes are at all 
times liable to be shifted or destroyed inadvertently or maliciously, and 
in certain kinds of soil they are quite apt to be displaced by the opera- 
tions of frost. The setting of the monuments should not be delayed be- 
yond the coming fall. 

J 



— 68 — 



It is now evident that as one-half of the first appropriation is already- 
expended, the remainder is not sufficient to extend the survey to the 
Ohio river. It would be quite unfortunate if we should shortly be able 
to resume the survey, and after extending it to within ten or fifteen 
miles of its southern terminus, we should be obliged to disband our sur- 
veying party for want of funds. Therefore, as a matter of economy to 
the state, we felt warranted in urging the prompt attention of our legis- 
lature to the proposed amendments to the law under which we act. 
We are, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servants, 

J. M. Rickey, 
H. B. Perkins, 
James Mackey, 

Commissioners. 



FINAL REPORT. 



Columbus, Ohio, March 31, 1883. 

To His Excellency, Charles Foster, Governor of Ohio : 

Sir : The commission appointed by your predecessor in office, 
Governor Bishop, created by a law of this State to act in conjunction 
with a like commission on the part of Pennsylvania, to re-survey and 
re-mark the boundary line between the State of Ohio and the State of 
Pennsylvania, are now enabled to present you our second and final 
report. 

Although we encountered many unavoidable delays and difficulties 
in the prosecution of the work intrusted to us, yet we are gratified to 
be able to state that, so far as we can ascertain, our work has met with 
acceptance at the hands of the inhabitants living along the line in 
either State, and we trust it will also receive your approval. 

For a full description of the work done we have the honor to sub- 
mit herewith the Report of the Joint Commission as well as a map of 
the line and field notes in detail, made by George D. Hersey, Engineer 
for the Joint Commission. 

For your convenience we also herewith hand you a copy of the laws 
of each State creating the two commissions, and a copy of our first 
report. 

Also you will please find a financial statement of the appropria- 
tions received and disbursements made, showing a balance unexpended 
of $302.20, which is covered by the check of our treasurer, payable to 
your order and herewith enclosed. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Joseph M. Rickey, 
Henry B. Perkins, 
James Mackey, 

Commissioners. 



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